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Gene Review

CDY4P  -  chromodomain protein, Y-linked 4 pseudogene

Homo sapiens

 
 
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Psychiatry related information on CDY4P

  • To characterize the potential role of these proteins in the regulation of epigenetic events during early human development, we utilized a degenerate PCR priming assay to assess the expression of mRNAs of chromodomain proteins in cDNA samples derived from the human female germline and preimplantation embryos [1].
 

High impact information on CDY4P

  • LBR can interact independently with lamin B and a chromodomain protein, Hp1, and appears to be a central player in targeting nuclear membranes to chromatin [2].
  • Here, we show that the SNF2-like chromodomain helicase protein CHD8 interacts with the insulator binding protein CTCF [3].
  • The formation of heterochromatin, which requires methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 and the subsequent recruitment of chromodomain proteins such as heterochromatin protein HP1, serves as a model for the role of histone modifications and chromatin assembly in epigenetic control of the genome [4].
  • We show that a chromodomain protein Alp13, which belongs to the conserved MRG protein family linked to cellular senescence in humans, is associated with Clr6 [5].
  • Genetic epistasis analyses suggest that the Swi5-Sfr1-Rhp51 interactions function specifically in DNA recombination repair, whereas the Swi5-Swi2-Rhp51 interactions may function, together with chromodomain protein Swi6 (HP1 homolog), in mating-type switching [6].
 

Biological context of CDY4P

  • Methylation of lysine 9 within histone H3 and the subsequent binding of the chromodomain protein heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are thought to initiate heterochromatin formation in vivo and to propagate a heterochromatic state lasting through several cell divisions [7].
  • In the yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the swi6 gene encodes a heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-like chromodomain protein that localizes to heterochromatin domains, including the centromeres, telomeres, and the donor mating-type loci, and is involved in silencing at these loci [8].
  • The chromodomain is a highly conserved sequence motif that has been identified in a variety of animal and plant species [9].
  • This article reviews progress made in characterising mammalian chromodomain proteins and emphasises their emerging role in the regulation of gene expression and genome organisation [9].
  • MRG15, a novel chromodomain protein, is present in two distinct multiprotein complexes involved in transcriptional activation [10].
 

Anatomical context of CDY4P

  • Mouse and human fibroblasts expressing anti-chromodomain scFv fragments show a cell-lethal phenotype and an apoptotic morphology becomes apparent soon after transfection [11].
  • MRG-1, a mortality factor-related chromodomain protein, is required maternally for primordial germ cells to initiate mitotic proliferation in C. elegans [12].
  • Proteins containing the conserved chromodomain motif that is common to the Polycomb-group (Pc-G) proteins and the heterochromatin-associated protein HP1, play essential roles in these processes and more specifically, in X-chromosome inactivation in female zygotes and extra-embryonic tissues and in the regulation of genomic imprinting [1].
 

Associations of CDY4P with chemical compounds

  • Both modifications lead to the binding of specific proteins; bromodomain proteins, such as GCN5, bind acetyl lysines and the chromodomain protein, HP1, binds methyl lysine 9 of histone H3 [13].

References

  1. Expression of Polycomb-group genes in human ovarian follicles, oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hinkins, M., Huntriss, J., Miller, D., Picton, H.M. Reproduction (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Nuclear assembly. Gant, T.M., Wilson, K.L. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  3. CTCF-dependent chromatin insulator is linked to epigenetic remodeling. Ishihara, K., Oshimura, M., Nakao, M. Mol. Cell (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Heterochromatin revisited. Grewal, S.I., Jia, S. Nat. Rev. Genet. (2007) [Pubmed]
  5. Alp13, an MRG family protein, is a component of fission yeast Clr6 histone deacetylase required for genomic integrity. Nakayama, J., Xiao, G., Noma, K., Malikzay, A., Bjerling, P., Ekwall, K., Kobayashi, R., Grewal, S.I. EMBO J. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Two different Swi5-containing protein complexes are involved in mating-type switching and recombination repair in fission yeast. Akamatsu, Y., Dziadkowiec, D., Ikeguchi, M., Shinagawa, H., Iwasaki, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. HP1 Binding to Chromatin Methylated at H3K9 Is Enhanced by Auxiliary Factors. Eskeland, R., Eberharter, A., Imhof, A. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2007) [Pubmed]
  8. Conservation of heterochromatin protein 1 function. Wang, G., Ma, A., Chow, C.M., Horsley, D., Brown, N.R., Cowell, I.G., Singh, P.B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  9. Mammalian chromodomain proteins: their role in genome organisation and expression. Jones, D.O., Cowell, I.G., Singh, P.B. Bioessays (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. MRG15, a novel chromodomain protein, is present in two distinct multiprotein complexes involved in transcriptional activation. Pardo, P.S., Leung, J.K., Lucchesi, J.C., Pereira-Smith, O.M. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. Loss of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) chromodomain function in mammalian cells by intracellular antibodies causes cell death. Filesi, I., Cardinale, A., van der Sar, S., Cowell, I.G., Singh, P.B., Biocca, S. J. Cell. Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  12. MRG-1, a mortality factor-related chromodomain protein, is required maternally for primordial germ cells to initiate mitotic proliferation in C. elegans. Fujita, M., Takasaki, T., Nakajima, N., Kawano, T., Shimura, Y., Sakamoto, H. Mech. Dev. (2002) [Pubmed]
  13. Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation disrupts binding of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) repressor complex. Zegerman, P., Canas, B., Pappin, D., Kouzarides, T. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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