Disease relevance of BCHE

• A study of the cholinesterases of the canine pancreatic sphincters and the relationship between reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity and pancreatic ductal hypertension [1].
• These alterations were accompanied by small but sustained baseline contractures that were antagonized completely by incubation with exogenous BuChE (2.5 U/ml) [2].

High impact information on BCHE

• Genomic blots from man, monkey, cow, sheep, pig, rabbit, dog, rat, mouse, guinea pig, and chicken DNA were hybridized with probes derived from the four exons of the human butyrylcholinesterase gene (BCHE) (Arpagaus, M., Kott, M., Vatsis, K. P., Bartels, C. F., La Du, B. N., and Lockridge, O. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 124-131) [3].
• In the control dogs, BChE activity is present in the periampullary nerves and the pancreatic smooth muscle sphincters [1].
• Phosphobutyrylcholinesterase: phosphorylation of the esteratic site of butyrylcholinesterase by ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] dianion [4].
• The role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in in regulating acetylcholine (ACh) lifetime was investigated by use of selective cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors [2].
• Addition of 1 microM tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) led to a 98% inhibition of BuChE activity with little or no effect on AChE activity [2].

Biological context of BCHE

• Thus, potency differences for ethephon and its analogues with BuChE of various species depend on both the affinities and phosphorylation rates, i.e., the binding and reactivity of the (2-haloalkyl)phosphonic acid dianion in the esteratic site [4].
• It is concluded that both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase participate in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in canine tracheal smooth muscle [5].

Anatomical context of BCHE

• The finding of BChE in canine brain pericytes and its absence in endothelium does not support the idea that this enzyme is important in blood-brain barrier function [6].
• Butyrylcholinesterase in pericytes associated with canine brain capillaries [6].
• There are two tissue-fixed cholinesterases in dog pancreas: acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase [7].
• The sensitivity of cholinesterases decreased in the order erythrocyte AChE > whole blood cholinesterases > plasma BuChE, respectively [8].
• Mixed cholinesterase (mChE), AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities were measured in plasma, RBC, brain, left atrium and ventricle, diaphragm, quadriceps, and nodose ganglia [9].

Associations of BCHE with chemical compounds

• The results suggest that BuChE serves to coregulate the lifetime of ACh in canine tracheal smooth muscle [2].
• In the present experiments, an organophosphate that only inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (isopropylpyrophosphoramide, or iso-OMPA) was compared with echothiophate and a nonorganophosphate compound, physostigmine [7].
• Heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were the most suitable anticoagulants for whole blood acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase determination, because citrate yielded lower acetylcholinesterase values and fluoride inhibited butyrylcholinesterase [10].
• Butyrylcholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase) was predominant in plasma, hydrolysing mainly butyrylthiocholine [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BCHE

• The distribution of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in dog brain cortex and cerebellum was studied by light and electron microscopy using a Hatchett's brown technique [6].

References