Disease relevance of Nodose Ganglion

• When they became hypertensive, however, at 12 weeks of age, the SHR manifested higher immunoreactive ANF levels in celiac ganglia than the WKY group (25.3 +/- 2.6 vs 14.5 +/- 1.7 pg/ganglion; p less than 0.01), but there were no differences in levels in the superior cervical and nodose ganglia [1].
• EtOH potentiated 5-HT3 receptor-mediated ion current in freshly isolated nodose ganglion neurons at concentrations similar to those previously reported to be effective in neuroblastoma cells (25-100 mM) [2].
• METHODS: Porcine nodose ganglion cardiac sensory neuron adenosine A(1) or A(2) receptor function was studied in situ during control states as well as in the presence of the peptides bradykinin and substance P or focal ventricular ischemia [3].
• Hypoxia increased nNOS mRNA expression with maximal changes occurring after 12 h wherein mRNA levels were increased by 10.4 +/- 1.3 and 2 +/- 0.4 fold in nodose ganglion and cerebellum, respectively [4].
• MCT induced right ventricular hypertrophy, as well as increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, PPT mRNA (nodose ganglia and lung tissue), and lung tissue substance P level [5].

High impact information on Nodose Ganglion

• P2X3 deficiency also causes a reduction in the sustained ATP-induced currents in nodose ganglion neurons [6].
• HO2 also occurs in other autonomic ganglia including the petrosal, superior cervical and nodose ganglia [7].
• 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors on visceral primary afferent neurones in the nodose ganglion of the rabbit [8].
• Brief (< 1 s) applications of ATP to nodose ganglion neurons or to cells transfected with P2X2 or P2X4 receptor cDNAs induce the opening of a channel selectively permeable to small cations within milliseconds [9].
• Whereas no evidence of local tachykinin biosynthesis was found 12 h after challenge, increased levels of preprotachykinin (PPT)-A mRNA (encoding SP and NKA) were found in nodose ganglia [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nodose Ganglion

• The interaction between reflex apnoea and bradycardia produced by injecting 5-HT into the nodose ganglion of the cat [11].

Biological context of Nodose Ganglion

• METHODS: Expression of mGluR1-8 in human, dog, ferret, and rodent nodose ganglia was investigated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. mGluR1-8 immunohistochemistry was performed in combination with retrograde tracing of vagal afferents from ferret proximal stomach to nodose ganglia [12].
• We previously showed that specific angiotensin II (Ang II) binding sites are present in the canine nodose ganglion and peripheral vagus nerve, and that unilateral removal of the nodose ganglion results in loss of binding in the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarii and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus [13].
• The results of the present study indicate that the axotomy-induced down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and up-regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the neurons of the nodose ganglion are associated with changes in their messenger RNAs in response to axotomy-induced deafferentation [14].
• Membrane potential changes induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium (DMPP) were recorded from nodose ganglia (NG) by the sucrose-gap method [15].
• Absence of Bcl-2 increased neuronal apoptosis and reduced the number of neurons in both the trigeminal and nodose ganglia during the period of naturally occurring neuronal death [16].

Anatomical context of Nodose Ganglion

• In situ hybridization to E7 embryos showed high expression of the NGF-R gene in spinal cord, particularly the lateral motor column, and in dorsal root, sympathetic, and nodose ganglia [17].
• The NT-4 protein was shown to interact with the low affinity NGF receptor and elicited neurite outgrowth from explanted dorsal root ganglia with no and lower activity in sympathetic and nodose ganglia, respectively [18].
• In rats treated at birth with the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin there was a reduction of about 70% in True Blue-labeled cells in the spinal and nodose ganglia, and virtually complete loss of substance P in these ganglia [19].
• Treatment of neonatal rats with capsaicin and ablation of the central portion of the feline nodose ganglion led to a marked reduction in the numbers of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers [20].
• We also detect Hox 2.1 RNA in the embryonic lung, stomach, mesonephros and metanephros, as well as in myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia and the nodose ganglion, and in mature granulocytes [21].

Associations of Nodose Ganglion with chemical compounds

• These findings suggest that an induction of sensory neuropeptides in nodose ganglion neurons is crucially involved in the increase of airway hyperreactivity in the late response to allergen challenge [10].
• Specific labeling for mRNAs encoding the type 1 IL-1 receptor and the EP3 subtype of the prostaglandin E2 receptor was detected in situ over neuronal cell bodies in the rat nodose ganglion [22].
• Tritiated leucine was microinjected into the nodose ganglion; after 2 hr for incorporation into proteins, nerves were dissected out for transport and ultrastructural studies and incubated for 2.5 hr in Krebs-Ringer solution with 100, 20, 10, 5, or 1 micron maytansine [23].
• After removal of the nodose ganglion, a bilateral decrease in the calcium-dependent release of Glu and gamma-aminobutyric acid, but not Gly, was observed; decreases were significant ipsilateral to the site of ablation [24].
• 5. Many nodose ganglion neurones, whether grown in the presence or absence of non-neuronal cells, were sensitive to gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin but were insensitive to glutamate, glycine and L-epinephrine [25].

Gene context of Nodose Ganglion

• To determine whether development of NGF-independent sensory neurons could be similarly regulated, the present study examined the effects of LIF and the related cytokine-like growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), on survival of rat nodose ganglion (NG) cells in culture [26].
• Inactivation of STAT3 enhanced the death of the cytokine-dependent sensory neurons of the nodose ganglion in vivo and substantially reduced the response of these neurons to CNTF and LIF in vitro [27].
• Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was a very efficient stimulator of outgrowth of axons from the nodose ganglion and had almost doubled the outgrowth length when this was analyzed after 2 days in culture [28].
• Immunohistochemical labeling detected TRPV1 and TRPV2 proteins in nodose ganglia [29].
• Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of leptin receptors and the leptin-induced transcription factor STAT3 in the cytoplasm of nodose ganglion cells [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nodose Ganglion

• 1. The whole-cell variation of the patch clamp technique was used to study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on voltage-gated calcium currents in acutely dissociated rat nodose ganglion neurones and to determine if its effects were mediated via a guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein [31].
• Recording from the nodose ganglion with tungsten microelectrodes [32].
• Substance P synthesis and transport in explants of nodose ganglion/vagus nerve: effects of double ligation, 2-deoxyglucose, veratridine, and ouabain [33].
• Moreover, RT-PCR revealed the long form of the leptin receptor in a human nodose ganglion [34].
• These actions of 5-HT were not prevented, however, by cervical vagotomy below the level of the nodose ganglion [35].

References