High impact information on P2ry4

• Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the corresponding P2Y proteins (P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4) and their cellular localization [1].
• Exogenously added NGF then augmented hypoglycemic neuronal death by about 60%, increasing the percentage of Höechst-positive nuclei (from approximately 62 to 95%), reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (from about 50 to 14%) and significantly overstimulating the hypoglycemia-induced expression of P2X7 and P2Y4 [2].
• The triphosphate was more potent than UTP in inducing a dilatory P2Y4 response (pEC(50) = 6.1 +/- 0.2), while the diphosphate was inactive as either an agonist or antagonist in a P2Y6 receptor-mediated contractile response [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of glomerular mesangial cells via P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 and via P2X7 receptors can induce proliferation and apoptotic cell death, respectively [4].
• A full-length sequence obtained for one novel clone (R5) contained an intronless open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acids, sharing 84% sequence identity with the human P2Y4 receptor [5].

Biological context of P2ry4

• By reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the P2Y4 messenger RNA was detected in mouse liver, intestine, stomach, bladder and lung among the 16 mouse tissues tested [6].

Anatomical context of P2ry4

• P2Y1 receptors were present in intra-islet capillaries, while P2Y4 receptors were found on both alpha and beta cells [7].
• Ovarian vascular and perifollicular smooth muscle showed immunoreactivity for P2Y1, but not for P2X3-7, P2Y2 or P2Y4 receptors [8].
• In the cortex, P2Y4 receptors were found on the tubule epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule, and P2Y2 receptors on glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) [9].
• Localisation of P2Y1 and P2Y4 receptors in dorsal root, nodose and trigeminal ganglia of the rat [10].
• UTP stimulation of oocytes expressing P2Y4 receptors and BK channels resulted in a 30% increase in the current through the expressed channels [11].

Associations of P2ry4 with chemical compounds

• 2-Methylthio-ATP (0.1-10 microM), an agonist that can act at P2Y1 receptors, did not contract arteries or veins, whereas UTP, an agonist at rat P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors, contracted veins (EC(50) = 15 microM) and arteries (EC(50) = 24 microM) [12].
• It occurs when uridine 5'-triphosphate is bath applied at low micromolar concentrations and is prevented by Reactive Blue 2, suggesting that it is mediated by P2Y4 receptors [13].
• Application of alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alphabeta-meATP) and UTP, putative P2X and P2Y2 or P2Y4 purinoceptor agonists, induced transient and oscillatory inward currents, respectively [14].
• Furthermore, the pharmacological profile of the native UTP/UDP receptor differs from that of the known P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 recombinant receptors for pyrimidine nucleotides [15].

Other interactions of P2ry4

• The wide distribution of the uridine nucleotide-activated P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors suggests a role for UTP as an important extracellular signalling molecule [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of P2ry4

• Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat P2Y4 receptor [5].
• 2. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed expression of mRNA for the G protein-coupled P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors [17].
• Rat osteoblasts express P2Y2, but not P2Y4 receptor mRNA, as determined by in situ hybridization [18].

References