Disease relevance of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• We analyzed the functional structure of the CDKA;1 promoter, using fusion genes between various upstream regions of CDKA;1 and the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene [1].

High impact information on CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• To address this question, we examined the expression of cdc2 and cye genes, which encode the catalytic and regulatory subunits, respectively, of cyclin-dependent protein kinases that control progression through the cell cycle [2].
• Dominant negative mutants of the Cdc2 kinase uncouple cell division from iterative plant development [3].
• Loss of the PAS2 function dephosphorylated Arabidopsis thaliana CDKA;1 and upregulated its kinase activity [4].
• Constitutive overexpression of KRP2 slightly above its endogenous level only inhibited the mitotic cell cycle-specific CDKA;1 kinase complexes, whereas the endoreduplication cycle-specific CDKA;1 complexes were unaffected, resulting in an increase in the DNA ploidy level [5].
• The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor KRP2 controls the onset of the endoreduplication cycle during Arabidopsis leaf development through inhibition of mitotic CDKA;1 kinase complexes [5].

Biological context of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• The cdc2 gene product (p34cdc2) has been thought to play a central role in control of the mitotic cell cycle of yeasts and animals [6].
• These intron positions partly overlapped with each other and with those of the yeast cdc2 gene, nevertheless the lengths and sequences of the corresponding introns were diverse [7].
• To approach an understanding of the cell-cycle-control system in higher plants, we isolated, from an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library, two clones (CDC2a and CDC2b) similar to the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2 gene [6].
• Genomic hybridization demonstrated that there is one copy of the cdc2 gene per Arabidopsis haploid genome [8].
• The other locus, named RPW7, mapped to chromosome 3 in a 8.5 cM interval flanked by CDC2A and AFC1 [9].

Anatomical context of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• Instead, another type of CAK - CDKF;1 - exhibited significant activity towards CDKA;1 in Arabidopsis root protoplasts, and the activity was dependent on the T-loop phosphorylation of CDKF;1 [10].

Associations of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1 with chemical compounds

• Olomoucine, an inhibitor of the cdc2/cdk2 kinases activity, blocks plant cells at the G1 to S and G2 to M cell cycle transitions [11].
• ATPK19 and ATPK6 have putative PEST regions in their N- and C-terminal regions, and these regions also contain putative phosphorylation sites that are recognized by casein kinases or proline-directed protein kinases such as cdc2, MAP kinase, and p54 MAP-2 kinase (SAPK) [12].

Other interactions of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• Because protein levels of both CDKA;1 and CDKB1;1 were not affected, the temporary inhibition of mitotic activity that allows adaptation to the stress condition is most likely mediated by posttranslational control of CDK activity [13].
• PAS2 was localized in the cytoplasm of dividing cells but moved into the nucleus upon cell differentiation, suggesting that the balance between cell division and differentiation is regulated through the interaction between CDKA;1 and the antiphosphatase PAS2 [4].
• In vitro pull-down assay showed that CYCD4;1 bound to CDKB2;1 and CDKA;1 [14].
• These results suggest that CYCD4;2 has a promotive function in cell division by interacting with CDKA;1 regardless of the unusual primary sequence [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CDC2/CDC2A/CDC2AAT/CDK2/CDKA;1

• The CYCPs interact preferentially with CDKA;1 in vivo and in vitro as shown by yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments [16].

References