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Gene Review

EIN2  -  protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: ATEIN2, CKR1, CYTOKININ RESISTANT 1, ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ABA3, ERA3, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of EIN2

 

High impact information on EIN2

  • Whereas the function of EIN2 in ethylene transduction is not known, EIN3 is a putative transcription factor involved in regulating expression of ethylene-responsive genes [3].
  • EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in Arabidopsis [4].
  • Expression of the EIN2 CEND is sufficient to constitutively activate ethylene responses and restores responsiveness to jasmonic acid and paraquat-induced oxygen radicals to mutant plants [4].
  • Analysis of combinatorial loss-of-function mutants in the Arabidopsis ethylene receptors reveals that the ers1 etr1 double mutant has severe developmental defects that are EIN2 dependent [5].
  • In contrast, the ein2 mutation did not suppress edr1-mediated resistance and associated phenotypes, indicating that ethylene and jasmonic acid-induced responses are not required for edr1 resistance [6].
 

Biological context of EIN2

 

Associations of EIN2 with chemical compounds

 

Regulatory relationships of EIN2

  • AP2 expression was suppressed by the null-function of ethylene-insensitive2 (EIN2), although AP2 expression was not affected by ethylene treatment [15].
 

Other interactions of EIN2

  • Vectorial Information for Arabidopsis Planar Polarity Is Mediated by Combined AUX1, EIN2, and GNOM Activity [11].
  • RPP7 resistance was also not compromised by mutations in EIN2, JAR1 or COI1 which affect ethylene or jasmonic acid signaling [16].
  • The EIN2 membrane protein is required for both the first and second phases of growth inhibition by ethylene, while the transcription factors EIN3 and EIL1 are required for the second phase but not the first phase [17].
  • Thus, the data indicate that ethylene and H(2)O(2) signalling in guard cells are mediated by ETR1 via EIN2 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s), and identify AtrbohF as a key mediator of stomatal responses to ethylene [18].
  • Wild-type Arabidopsis and ein1 mutants were susceptible to these strains, but ein2 mutants developed only minimal disease symptoms [1].

References

  1. Disease development in ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis thaliana infected with virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas pathogens. Bent, A.F., Innes, R.W., Ecker, J.R., Staskawicz, B.J. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. (1992) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutual antagonism of ethylene and jasmonic acid regulates ozone-induced spreading cell death in Arabidopsis. Tuominen, H., Overmyer, K., Keinänen, M., Kollist, H., Kangasjärvi, J. Plant J. (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. Ethylene: a gaseous signal molecule in plants. Bleecker, A.B., Kende, H. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  4. EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Alonso, J.M., Hirayama, T., Roman, G., Nourizadeh, S., Ecker, J.R. Science (1999) [Pubmed]
  5. Analysis of combinatorial loss-of-function mutants in the Arabidopsis ethylene receptors reveals that the ers1 etr1 double mutant has severe developmental defects that are EIN2 dependent. Hall, A.E., Bleecker, A.B. Plant Cell (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Negative regulation of defense responses in plants by a conserved MAPKK kinase. Frye, C.A., Tang, D., Innes, R.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2001) [Pubmed]
  7. RCN1-regulated phosphatase activity and EIN2 modulate hypocotyl gravitropism by a mechanism that does not require ethylene signaling. Muday, G.K., Brady, S.R., Argueso, C., Deruère, J., Kieber, J.J., DeLong, A. Plant Physiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Mutation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimerase alters nematode susceptibility and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis roots. Wubben, M.J., Rodermel, S.R., Baum, T.J. Plant J. (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Requirement of functional ethylene-insensitive 2 gene for efficient resistance of Arabidopsis to infection by Botrytis cinerea. Thomma, B.P., Eggermont, K., Tierens, K.F., Broekaert, W.F. Plant Physiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  10. The central role of PhEIN2 in ethylene responses throughout plant development in petunia. Shibuya, K., Barry, K.G., Ciardi, J.A., Loucas, H.M., Underwood, B.A., Nourizadeh, S., Ecker, J.R., Klee, H.J., Clark, D.G. Plant Physiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  11. Vectorial Information for Arabidopsis Planar Polarity Is Mediated by Combined AUX1, EIN2, and GNOM Activity. Fischer, U., Ikeda, Y., Ljung, K., Serralbo, O., Singh, M., Heidstra, R., Palme, K., Scheres, B., Grebe, M. Curr. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  12. Cytokinin, acting through ethylene, restores gravitropism to Arabidopsis seedlings grown under red light. Golan, A., Tepper, M., Soudry, E., Horwitz, B.A., Gepstein, S. Plant Physiol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  13. Ethylene modulates flavonoid accumulation and gravitropic responses in roots of Arabidopsis. Buer, C.S., Sukumar, P., Muday, G.K. Plant Physiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. Auxin and ethylene response interactions during Arabidopsis root hair development dissected by auxin influx modulators. Rahman, A., Hosokawa, S., Oono, Y., Amakawa, T., Goto, N., Tsurumi, S. Plant Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  15. Mutual Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana Ethylene-responsive Element Binding Protein and a Plant Floral Homeotic Gene, APETALA2. Ogawa, T., Uchimiya, H., Kawai-Yamada, M. Ann. Bot. (2007) [Pubmed]
  16. Downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) resistance genes in Arabidopsis vary in functional requirements for NDR1, EDS1, NPR1 and salicylic acid accumulation. McDowell, J.M., Cuzick, A., Can, C., Beynon, J., Dangl, J.L., Holub, E.B. Plant J. (2000) [Pubmed]
  17. Short-term growth responses to ethylene in Arabidopsis seedlings are EIN3/EIL1 independent. Binder, B.M., Mortimore, L.A., Stepanova, A.N., Ecker, J.R., Bleecker, A.B. Plant Physiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  18. Ethylene-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis occurs via AtrbohF-mediated hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Desikan, R., Last, K., Harrett-Williams, R., Tagliavia, C., Harter, K., Hooley, R., Hancock, J.T., Neill, S.J. Plant J. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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