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Gene Review

marA  -  multiple antibiotic resistance...

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK1524, JW5249, cfxB, inaR, nfxC, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of marA

 

High impact information on marA

 

Chemical compound and disease context of marA

 

Biological context of marA

  • Constitutive expression of marA conferred antibiotic resistance even in cells carrying a deletion of the chromosomal mar locus [10].
  • A Tn5 insertion in marA inactivated the multiresistance phenotype of Mar mutants [11].
  • Here, we investigate whether regulatory genes other than soxR/S and marA are active in response to oxidative stress in Salmonella and may function as virulence determinants [2].
  • Mutations at this locus can activate the marRAB operon, in which marR encodes a putative repressor of mar transcription and marA encodes a putative transcriptional activator of defense genes against antibiotics and oxidants [12].
  • Organisms lacking all three transcription factors (triple knockouts) were significantly less virulent than parental strains, and complementation studies demonstrated that the addition of marA, soxS and rob individually restored wild-type virulence in the triple-knockout strain [3].
 

Associations of marA with chemical compounds

  • We report here that overexpression of the multidrug efflux pump locus acrAB, or of marA or soxS, both encoding positive regulators of acrAB, decreased susceptibility to triclosan 2-fold [9].
  • We report here that certain mutations at a separate locus that we have named soxQ (at min 34) confer some of the phenotypes seen in soxR-constitutive strains, including resistance to menadione [13].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of marA

  • All isolates possessed fragments of marA with the predicted size of 408 bp when amplified using marA-specific primers by PCR [14].

References

  1. Overexpression of the marA or soxS regulatory gene in clinical topoisomerase mutants of Escherichia coli. Oethinger, M., Podglajen, I., Kern, W.V., Levy, S.B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) [Pubmed]
  2. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium RamA, intracellular oxidative stress response, and bacterial virulence. van der Straaten, T., Zulianello, L., van Diepen, A., Granger, D.L., Janssen, R., van Dissel, J.T. Infect. Immun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. MarA, SoxS and Rob function as virulence factors in an Escherichia coli murine model of ascending pyelonephritis. Casaz, P., Garrity-Ryan, L.K., McKenney, D., Jackson, C., Levy, S.B., Tanaka, S.K., Alekshun, M.N. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Köhler, T., Epp, S.F., Curty, L.K., Pechère, J.C. J. Bacteriol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  5. Genetics and regulation of outer membrane protein expression by quinolone resistance loci nfxB, nfxC, and cfxB. Hooper, D.C., Wolfson, J.S., Bozza, M.A., Ng, E.Y. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1992) [Pubmed]
  6. The periplasmic protein MppA requires an additional mutated locus to repress marA expression in Escherichia coli. Bina, X., Perreten, V., Levy, S.B. J. Bacteriol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104. Randall, L.P., Woodward, M.J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  8. Organic solvent tolerance and antibiotic resistance increased by overexpression of marA in Escherichia coli. Asako, H., Nakajima, H., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, M., Aono, R. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  9. Overexpression of marA, soxS, or acrAB produces resistance to triclosan in laboratory and clinical strains of Escherichia coli. McMurry, L.M., Oethinger, M., Levy, S.B. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1998) [Pubmed]
  10. Overexpression of the MarA positive regulator is sufficient to confer multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Gambino, L., Gracheck, S.J., Miller, P.F. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  11. Genetic and functional analysis of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli. Cohen, S.P., Hächler, H., Levy, S.B. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. Repressor mutations in the marRAB operon that activate oxidative stress genes and multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. Ariza, R.R., Cohen, S.P., Bachhawat, N., Levy, S.B., Demple, B. J. Bacteriol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  13. Activation of oxidative stress genes by mutations at the soxQ/cfxB/marA locus of Escherichia coli. Greenberg, J.T., Chou, J.H., Monach, P.A., Demple, B. J. Bacteriol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  14. Phenotypic evidence for inducible multiple antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella choleraesuis. Tibbetts, R.J., Lin, T.L., Wu, C.C. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2003) [Pubmed]
 
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