Disease relevance of Pronation

• The purpose of this investigation was therefore to show whether the pronation angle and the torsion angle differ when running barefoot, with spikes, and with running shoes (forefoot touchdown, N = 9 left and right) [1].
• Pronation might favorably affect respiratory system (rs) mechanics and function in volume-controlled, mode-ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients [2].
• BACKGROUND: Control of abnormal pronation in order to ameliorate inappropriate stresses on injured soft tissues is frequently sought in the treatment of overuse injuries of the lower limb [3].
• Surgery for cerebral palsy: Part 1. Classification and operative procedures for pronation deformity [4].
• Midline capillary hemangioma, internal rotation of bilateral shoulders, extension contracture of elbows, flexed wrists with pronation deformity, flexion and internal rotation of hips, equinovarus of feet were noted [5].

High impact information on Pronation

• The monkey generated isometric torques in flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, pronation/supination, and executed a power grip that co-contracted wrist flexor and extensor muscles [6].
• Patients with a pronation/flexion pattern of dystonia showed the best and the most sustained improvement [7].
• Pronation of mechanically ventilated COPD patients exhibits applicability and effectiveness and improves oxygenation and sigh-L mechanics versus semirecumbent ("gold standard") positioning [2].
• Limb coordination was assessed with parametric measurements of foot tapping (FT), alternating pronation and supination (PS), and sequential finger to thumb tapping (FTH) [8].
• The investigation examined isokinetic (IK) and nonisokinetic (NIK) strength training programs for the inversion (INV) and eversion (EV) muscles on pronation during running [9].

Anatomical context of Pronation

• In this study we tested the effect of pronation and supination on inspiratory gasp induced digit skin and ulnar artery vasoconstrictor reflex responses [10].
• The individual components of the flexor hallucis longus' effective tendon moment arm were evaluated as a function of imposed hallux valgus, of hallux pronation, and of combined hallux valgus and pronation [11].
• Two-way ANOVA comparing sarcomere length between the four positions revealed a significant effect of ulnar deviation (p < 0.05), no significant effect of pronation (p > 0.7) and no significant interaction (p > 0.9) [12].
• Attrition of the flexor tendons by the dislocated ulnar head during pronation and supination was the major mechanism for the ruptures in this case [13].
• Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRS) is a developmental deformity that interferes with pronation and supination of the upper extremity [14].

Associations of Pronation with chemical compounds

• With cadaver forearms, on the average, angulation of 10 degrees of the radius or ulna in coronal or sagittal planes limited pronation and supination by less than 24 degrees, whereas angulation of 10 degrees of both the radius and the ulna limited pronation and supination by less than 18% [15].
• However, there were significant differences in both the magnitude and the time to maximum pronation between the two firmer midsole conditions (C1 and C2) and the softer midsole condition (C3), indicating a nonlinear trend for these parameters [16].
• This report presents a newly developed orthosis giving active pronation of the forearm for a C6 complete tetraplegic [17].
• An orthosis for a C5 complete tetrapletic providing active extension and pronation of the forearm is presented [18].
• The Foot Posture Index is a new multidimensional and multiplanar tool aimed at quantifying the degree of pronation to supination of the foot, comprising eight criteria that sum to produce a final "score" of foot posture [19].

Gene context of Pronation

• Motion of the shank in the transverse plane is coupled with pronation and supination of the rearfoot, and so its motion relative to the foot can be used as an indicator of the pattern of motion in the rearfoot [20].
• The maximum change of pronation was (a) 13.7 +/- 3.7 degrees, barefoot; (b) 14.1 +/- 3.8 degrees for the shoe with windows and 12.1 +/- 3.7 degrees for the heel inside these shoes; and 14.9 +/- 4.2 degrees for the shoes with no windows [21].
• Further analyses revealed that with increasing log MnB (Simple regression: p < 0.05) performance on a pointing task was poorer, frequency dispersion of hand-arm tremor decreased, while harmonic index increased, and the velocity of a pronation/supination arm movement was slower [22].
• The authors suggest that excessive pronation is the causative factor directing asynchronous rotation between the shank and femur [23].
• In Part II, 13 additional hands were studied to evaluate the static restraints to rotation and subluxation, showing that variability in the amount of volar subluxation and pronation was possible in the intact thumb [24].

References