Disease relevance of Upper Extremity

• Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting with severe pseudoathetosis of upper limbs [1].
• When the superior vena cava is obstructed, blood from the upper extremities and head is returned to the heart via downhill varices [2].
• Zmpste24(-/-) mice also manifested muscle weakness in the lower and upper extremities, resembling mice lacking the farnesylated CAAX protein prelamin A [3].
• By comparison with families having linkage to the major locus of pure autosomal dominant HSP (SPG4 on chromosome 2p), there were significantly more patients without Babinski signs, with increased reflexes in the upper limbs, and with severe functional handicaps [4].
• Significantly less progression of impairment as measured by validated tests of upper-extremity function was observed in the methotrexate treatment group in the absence of clinically significant toxicity [5].

Psychiatry related information on Upper Extremity

• Using AIMS responses from a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient population, our investigation, through factor analyses, identifies 5 components of health status in this chronic disease: Lower Extremity Function, Upper Extremity Function, Affect, Symptom, and Social Interaction [6].
• Atypical clinical findings included absence of supranuclear gaze palsy (two cases), prominent asymmetry (two), arm dystonia (two), upper limb apraxia (two), myoclonus (two), chorea (one), eyelid opening apraxia (one), and respiratory disturbance (one) [7].
• The authors report a case of a six-year-old boy with seizures, mental retardation and some classic features of tuberous sclerosis, i.e., cutaneous hypomelanotic macules, poliosis, cyst-like lesions of the right upper limb and cerebral calcifications [8].
• Psychometric properties of a modified Wolf Motor Function Test for people with mild and moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis [9].
• The outcomes included the Upper Extremity Function Test, the coordination of elbow and shoulder movements, spasticity of key muscles of the paretic arm, and Reduced Upper Extremity Motor Activity Log [10].

High impact information on Upper Extremity

• A G80R mutation of Tbx5, which causes substantial cardiac defects with minor skeletal abnormalities in HOS, did not activate Nppa or show synergistic activation, whereas R237Q, which causes upper-limb malformations without cardiac abnormalities, activated the Nppa promoter to a similar extent to that of wildtype Tbx5 [11].
• We suggest that during the evolution of TBX3 and TBX5 from a common ancestral gene, each has acquired specific yet complementary roles in patterning the mammalian upper limb [12].
• The size of the GAA expansions (and particularly that of the smaller of each pair) was associated with the frequency of cardiomyopathy and loss of reflexes in the upper limbs [13].
• Fifty-eight patients completed a 10-month randomized, double-blind study in which they applied either 0.1 percent tretinoin (n = 28) or vehicle (n = 30) cream daily to the face, upper extremities, or both [14].
• Mean peak systolic blood pressure in the upper extremities decreased from 133.1 +/- 14.9 before angioplasty to 111.1 +/- 14.1 mm Hg at long-term follow-up (p less than 0.05) [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Upper Extremity

• Penicillin or nafcillin was administered to 14 additional rabbits with cellulitis of the right upper extremity [16].
• We compare the effects of a motor activation task and a cerebral vasodilating agent, acetazolamide (ACZ), on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in primary sensorimotor cortex (PSM) in six patients with major cerebral artery steno-occlusive lesions without paresis of the upper extremities [17].
• Outpatient use of low molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity [18].
• Six patients with a presumptive diagnosis of upper limb reflex sympathetic dystrophy and 1 patient with anaesthesia dolorosa had pain and sympathetic activity assessed before and after injection of bupivacaine and morphine around the stellate ganglion [19].
• Our patient developed encephalopathy, upper extremity myoclonus, and a periodic, triphasic electroencephalogic pattern that resolved acutely with intravenous diazepam treatment [20].

Biological context of Upper Extremity

• By this technique, cortical spikes were shown to precede the myoclonus of a contralateral upper extremity muscle by 7 to 15 ms ith progressive myoclonic epilepsy showed a high amplitude somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in response to electrical stimulation of the median nerve [21].
• Seven missense mutations in TBX5 have been identified in patients with Holt-Oram syndrome characterized by congenital heart defects and upper limb abnormalities [22].
• The aims of this study were to examine the effects of 12 months unilateral high-resistance strength training and 8-month detraining on bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD) and estimated mechanical characteristics of upper limb bones, and also to estimate consequent loading induced strains on forearm bone shafts [23].
• We studied the H-reflex recovery curve and reciprocal inhibition of the H-reflex bilaterally in the upper limb of 5 patients with generalized dystonia, 5 patients with blepharospasm, 10 patients with spasmodic torticollis, and 14 patients with writer's cramp [24].
• Prenatal sonographic examination at 27 weeks of gestation showed intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, cardiomegaly with arrhythmia, and asymmetry of the upper limbs [25].

Anatomical context of Upper Extremity

• By means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we investigated changes in motor cortex excitability before the execution of wrist voluntary movements in patients with upper limb dystonia and normal control subjects [26].
• X-linked Kallmann's (XKS) subjects, who display mirror movements, have abnormal corticospinal tracts which innervate motoneurons of the left and right distal muscles of the upper limb [27].
• Mutations in Tbx3 cause ulnar-mammary syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by upper limb defects, apocrine-gland defects including mammary hypoplasia, and tooth, hair and genital defects [28].
• The results suggest that proximal upper limb involvement in individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a simple but significant predictor of respiratory muscle dysfunction [29].
• There was a significant correlation of the severity of symptoms with the intensity of lenticular nucleus hyperechogenicity in patients with cervical and upper limb dystonia (p < 0.05) [30].

Associations of Upper Extremity with chemical compounds

• L-Dopa or GBR-12909 improved upper limb motor performance by up to 40% in the aged animals [31].
• Patients with upper limb dystonia have abnormal reciprocal inhibition between flexor and extensor forearm muscles [32].
• Upper-extremity exercise, in addition to dietary therapy, was then assigned to 10 gestational diabetic women who were matched for amount of glucose intolerance to 10 gestational diabetic women managed by diet alone [33].
• Pamidronate increased L1-L4 vertebral DXA and decreased vertebral compressions and upper extremity fractures [34].
• Upper-limb disability was assessed with use of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) [35].

Gene context of Upper Extremity

• E-cadherin was detected in ureteric buds and the upper limb of S-shaped bodies [36].
• Plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 before and after venous occlusion of the upper limb in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) [37].
• P-cadherin was also stained in the ureteric buds and in the upper limb of S-shaped bodies [36].
• Fine motor time of the upper limbs improved significantly in both the GDNF-treated and control animals [38].
• We conclude that upper extremity, low-intensity exercise results in a substantial increase in IL-6 in the interstitium of the stabilizing trapezius muscle, whereas no change is seen for plasma IL-6 [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Upper Extremity

• CONCLUSIONS: Limb immobilization can be a simple, effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment for focal occupational upper-limb dystonia [40].
• BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential role of gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA) as a contrast agent for upper extremity venography before the creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for nondialyzed renal insufficiency patients [41].
• The principal site of action of intravenous regional anesthesia was studied using both prilocaine HC1 0.5% and technetium pertechnetate to define their distribution in the upper limb during this method of anesthesia [42].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isoflurane anesthetized, spontaneously breathing female C3H/J mice had 24 gauge intravesical catheters transurethrally placed and electrodes implanted in the abdominal musculature and in upper limbs for electromyograms and electrocardiograms [43].
• Three patients with severe, upper extremity ischemia after intraarterial injection of heroin, methamphetamine, and meperidine were treated with intraarterial tolazoline and streptokinase, along with intravenous heparin [44].

References