Disease relevance of Orthotic Devices

• OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and cervical spinal fractures treated with posterior instrumentation and a collar orthosis [1].
• Treatment of intermetatarsal neuromas includes the very simple method of changing shoe styles, more complex conservative treatments with functional orthotic devices, oral anti-inflammatory medications and cortisone injections, and surgical intervention [2].
• The aim of this study was to compare the effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in patients with chronically painful proximal plantar fasciitis with a conventional conservative treatment consisting of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, heel cup, orthoses and/or shoe modifications, local steroid injections and electrotherapy [3].
• Presentation of GTB orthoses for hyperlordotic treatment of idiopathic scoliosis [4].
• Twenty-eight patients with complete T3-12 traumatic paraplegia were fitted with hip guidance orthosis (HGO, four cases), reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO, 13 cases) or advanced reciprocating gait orthosis (ARGO, 11 cases) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Orthotic Devices

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a wrist orthosis on work performance, hand dexterity, and pain during task performance, 40 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis were studied using a 2 period, crossover design [6].
• Important factors in achieving success with the HCO are patient compliance and periodic monitoring for refabrication of the orthosis to accommodate skeletal growth, change in foot size or shape, and compression or wear of insert materials [7].

High impact information on Orthotic Devices

• CONCLUSION: RCT evidence shows that orthoses and special shoes are likely to be beneficial in patients with RA [8].
• Those using EVA (ethyl-vinyl acetate; n = 28) orthoses presented results similar to those for the total group [9].
• These evaluated some of the most frequently described treatments (steroid injections and orthoses) and some experimental therapies (extracorporeal shock wave therapy and directed electrons) [10].
• A spring was added to the ankle-foot orthosis so that it increased orthosis stiffness by providing plantar flexor torque during ankle dorsiflexion [11].
• We found that total ankle stiffness and leg stiffness did not change across the two orthosis conditions (ANOVA, P > 0.05) [11].

Biological context of Orthotic Devices

• A dynamic pronation orthosis for the C6 tetraplegic arm [12].
• Resistance to supination did not predict the response to the different types of orthoses, but the Foot Posture Index score was associated with changes from using some of the orthoses [13].
• Outcome measures included muscle tone as measured by the Modified Ashworth Score (MAS), passive ankle range of motion (PROM), effect on clonus, plantar flexor motor strength, visual gait analysis and use of orthoses [14].

Anatomical context of Orthotic Devices

• OBJECTIVE: Use of reciprocating orthosis (RGO, ARGO, HGO) by 74 patients with complete traumatic spinal cord injury was studied [15].
• A hybrid thermoplastic and neoprene thumb metacarpophalangeal joint orthosis [16].
• Future research is needed to determine whether persons with upper-extremity conditions (i.e., arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome) respond similarly to wrist orthoses [17].
• By using this adapter, current lower limb prosthetic CAD CAM systems can be used to design and manufacture spinal orthoses [18].

Associations of Orthotic Devices with chemical compounds

• Furthermore, the paraplegics in whom the hip flexor and knee extensor muscles were intact bilaterally and who were able to walk with a reciprocal crutch-assisted gait, but did not require knee-ankle-foot orthoses, did no better [19].
• All runners were treated conservatively with rest, stretching, reduced distance, anti-inflammatory medications, local cortisone injections and/or orthoses [20].
• In preliminary trials, this orthosis had been very effective in decreasing the number of episodes in which stinger injuries occurred [21].
• To make these orthoses CT compatible, low electron density materials are presently being evaluated to replace the titanium skull pins [22].
• Replacement of ferrous materials with nonferrous metals and alloys and elimination of electrical loops proved to be necessary to make cervical braces and orthoses MR-compatible [22].

Gene context of Orthotic Devices

• METHODS: A ten-year multicenter retrospective review of patients in whom adolescent idiopathic scoliosis had been treated with a Boston or a custom-molded thoracolumbosacral orthosis was performed [23].
• Dexterity was measured with and without the orthosis using the Jebsen Hand Function Test. Work performance was assessed using 2 tasks (one simulating the use of shears, the other the use of a screwdriver) on a work simulator [6].
• Sixteen ambulant subjects with MS and ten age-matched healthy control subjects were studied on initial receipt of foot orthoses and after four weeks of daily wear [24].
• Effects of joint motion constraints on the gait of normal subjects and their implications on the further development of hybrid FES orthosis for paraplegic persons [25].
• Second, a growing number of prosthetic and orthotic devices are successfully being fabricated and fit with CAD/CAM technology after starting the process with simple measurements instead of casted, scanned, or digitized exact anatomic data [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Orthotic Devices

• INTERVENTION: A 10-week therapy programme of functional electrical stimulation by means of the 'Ness Handmaster Orthosis'. RESULTS: The results of 15 patients were available for analysis [27].
• In a comparison of the metabolic costs and efficiency of the Orlau swivel walker, bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses, and a wheelchair, the swivel walker was least efficient (1.9ml O2/kg/m) in comparison to the knee-ankle-foot orthoses (0.9ml O2/kg/m) and the wheelchair (0.18ml O2/kg/m) [28].
• The findings in this case show that physical therapy including foot orthoses, shoe modifications, gait training, and strengthening exercises can be instrumental in the postsurgical rehabilitation of a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis [29].
• Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization) [30].
• Twenty-two women with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (mean age, 53 years) registered their pain on a visual analogue scale both with and without orthosis on the wrist of the dominant hand in three standardized activities of daily living (ADL) situations [31].

References