Disease relevance of Hallux

• BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the forefoot, causing metatarsalgia, hallux valgus, and deformities of the lesser toes [1].
• Microphthalmia, facial anomalies, microcephaly, thumb and hallux hypoplasia, and agammaglobulinemia [2].
• There were two groups of patients: thirty-four patients (thirty-seven implants) who had degenerative joint disease (including those who had hallux rigidus or in whom a previous operation on a bunion had failed) and thirty-two patients (forty-nine implants) who had rheumatoid arthritis [3].
• Machado-Joseph shoe (MJS), defined as a shoe/slipper with a deep hallux imprint at its base, and hyperostosis/osteoma toe were two early ataxic signs in 17 of 31 patients (55%) and 24 of 31 patients (77%) with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), respectively [4].
• Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the MTP joint of the hallux [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hallux

• We report on a family with six persons in three generations who have mild mental retardation, behavioral problems, seizures, hearing loss, strabismus, dental anomalies, hypermobility, juvenile hallux valgus, and mild dysmorphic features [6].

High impact information on Hallux

• A similar somatotopic representation pattern between fingers and the hallux was also observed within ipsilateral SII, indicating somatotopy of contra- as well as ipsilateral SII using unilateral stimulation [7].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: VPTs were measured using a handheld biothesiometer at the medial malleolus and hallux in 232 nondiabetic children and adolescents aged 7-18 years (12.9 +/- 4.2 years) and a population-based sample of 307 young IDDM patients (13.3 +/- 4.6 years of age) [8].
• Classical SCS associated with a TWIST 1 mutation could be separated phenotypically from the Muenke phenotype on the basis of the following features: low-set frontal hairline, gross ptosis of eyelids, subnormal ear length, dilated parietal foramina, interdigital webbing, and hallux valgus or broad great toe with bifid distal phalanx [9].
• Toe pressure of the hallux (TP1) and second toe (TP2) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TCPO2) measurements are becoming more important [10].
• Although not exclusive to rheumatoid arthritis, hallux valgus must have been caused for the most part by the rheumatoid arthritis and if so, then it is suggested that the provision of suitable shoes for patients may be less costly than subsequent surgical treatment [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hallux

• This article presents a case of entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus tendon after open reduction and internal fixation of a Weber C ankle fracture resulting in interphalangeal joint contracture of the hallux [12].

Biological context of Hallux

• Samples were taken from the hallux toenail and sent to a mycology laboratory for fluorescent potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and microscopic examination of a fungal culture [13].

Anatomical context of Hallux

• Iatrogenic dorsal bunions in children, observed mostly after operations for post-poliomyelitic paralysis or club foot, have been successfully treated by an operation in which the tendons of the flexor brevis and the abductor and adductor muscles of the hallux are transferred to the neck of the first metatarsal [14].
• Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux valgus in rheumatoid arthritis [15].
• IMPLICATIONS: No studies have compared the clinical properties of levobupivacaine with those of ropivacaine when providing sciatic nerve block for hallux valgus repair [16].
• Samples were taken from the hallux toenail and sent to two different mycology laboratories for fluorescent potassium hydroxide preparation and microscopic examination of a fungal culture [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: Foot pathology in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is variable but consistently involves an abnormality of the tibial aspect of the proximal phalangeal epiphysis of the hallux [18].

Associations of Hallux with chemical compounds

• In the ChloraPrep group, bacteria grew on culture of specimens from 30% of the hallux sites, 23% of the toe sites, and 10% of the control sites [19].
• We conclude that adding 1 microg/kg clonidine to 0.75% ropivacaine provided a 3-h delay in first request for pain medication after hallux valgus repair, with no clinically relevant side effects [20].
• Manipulation of the metatarsophalangeal joint and injection with steroid and local anaesthetic are widely practised in the treatment of hallux rigidus, but there is little information on the outcome [21].
• Microscopic metallic wear and tissue response in failed titanium hallux metatarsophalangeal implants: two cases [22].
• The final position of the hallux metatarsal is influenced by the coronal plane orientation of the saw [23].

Gene context of Hallux

• Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in children can often be recognized at birth because of the presence of shortening of the great toe, characteristic hallux valgus, and short thumbs [24].
• A 6-camera 60 Hz video-based motion analysis system was used to measure motion of the shank, rearfoot, forefoot, and hallux segments and the vertical displacement of the navicular [25].
• We prospectively reviewed 24 patients (35 feet) who had been treated by a Scarf osteotomy and Akin closing-wedge osteotomy for hallux valgus between June 2000 and June 2002 [26].
• Structure was dominant in predicting peak pressure under the midfoot and MTH1, while both structure and function were important at the heel and hallux [27].
• This study presents a synopsis of the senior author's (LCS) experience with 439 surgically treated patients with hallux metatarsophalangeal arthritis, focusing on origin and treatment [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hallux

• We conclude that sciatic infusion with both 0.125% and 0.2% levobupivacaine provides adequate postoperative analgesia after hallux valgus repair, clinically similar to that provided by 0.2% ropivacaine; however, the 0.125% concentration is preferred if early mobilization of the operated foot is required [29].
• Lastly, dislocations of the hallux MTP joint can be diagnosed and treated after physical examination and appropriate radiographs are obtained [30].
• BACKGROUND: The most consistent deformities that allow early diagnosis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are the presence of bilateral short first rays and hallux valgus [18].

References