Disease relevance of Relapsing Fever

• Horizontally acquired genes for purine salvage in Borrelia spp. causing relapsing fever [1].
• Strong cross-reactivity occurred when sera from individuals with Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, and louse-borne relapsing fever were tested against heterologous Borrelia antigens [2].
• The data presented here expand our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the relapsing fever spirochetes and of the molecular nature of the interaction between FH/FHL-1 and FhbA [3].
• Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid mice) and infected with the relapsing fever agent Borrelia turicatae develop manifestations that resemble those of disseminated Lyme disease [4].
• Twenty-five control serum specimens, which included sera from syphilitic, relapsing fever, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients as well as from 10 normal individuals, did not react to P39 [5].

High impact information on Relapsing Fever

• Variable major lipoprotein is a principal TNF-inducing factor of louse-borne relapsing fever [6].
• The plasminogen activation system enhances brain and heart invasion in murine relapsing fever borreliosis [7].
• Ceftriaxone in relapsing fever [8].
• Meptazinol diminishes the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever [9].
• The spirochetemia of relapsing fever in mice is cleared by a complement-independent, polyclonal IgM response with reactivity to two prominent Ags of 20 and 35 kDa [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Relapsing Fever

• Therefore, we propose that bhpA encodes a unique and functional serine protease in relapsing fever spirochaetes [11].
• Platelet activation by a relapsing fever spirochaete results in enhanced bacterium-platelet interaction via integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation [12].
• Twelve men with louse-borne relapsing fever were treated with single doses of procaine penicillin plus aluminum monostearate (PAM) intramuscularly or of tetracycline intravenously [13].
• Thus, pentoxifylline treatment of patients with relapsing fever fails to prevent or diminish JHR or the associated cytokine release observed after appropriate antibiotic treatment [14].
• The second man had relapsing fever and constitutional symptoms after courses of tetracycline, then of chloramphenicol, and then of doxycycline [15].

Biological context of Relapsing Fever

• Borrelia hermsii, the primary etiological agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in North America, binds the complement regulatory protein factor H (FH) as a means of evading opsonophagocytosis and the alternative complement pathway [3].
• The relapsing-fever Borrelia sp., B. coriaceae, and only 3 of 22 strains of B. burgdorferi contained adenine methylation systems [16].
• In Borrelia hermsii, a tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete, the guaA and guaB genes are located on a linear plasmid [17].

Gene context of Relapsing Fever

• The effect of antibody against TNF alpha on cytokine response in Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions of louse-borne relapsing fever [18].
• Killed in action: microbiologists and clinicians as victims of their occupation. Part 4: Tick-borne Relapsing Fever, Malta Fever, Glanders, SARS [19].
• These sera, however, failed to recognize P66 of B. afzelii and B. garinii, as well as an analog of P66 in the relapsing fever agent, B. hermsii [20].
• During the 1973 summer season, 27 employees and 35 overnight guests at the North Rim, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, acquired febrile illnesses compatibel with relapsing fever [21].
• Relapsing fever in Cape Town. A case report [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Relapsing Fever

• Fifteen patients with confirmed relapsing fever were infused intravenously with pentoxifylline 90 min before intramuscular injection of penicillin; 4 patients were not treated with pentoxifylline [14].
• Detection of Borrelia duttonii, a tick-borne relapsing fever agent in central Tanzania, within ticks by flagellin gene-based nested polymerase chain reaction [23].

References