Disease relevance of Brucellosis

• Recently, Brucella melitensis was declared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be one of three major bioterrorist agents due to the expense required for the treatment of human brucellosis patients [1].
• A mucosal vaccine against brucellosis consisting of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Brucella melitensis complexed with the outer membrane protein (GBOMP) of group B Neisseria meningitidis was tested in small-animal models of intranasal immunization [2].
• Serum samples were examined by classical brucellosis serological tests (Rose Bengal and complement fixation) and faeces were cultured for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 [3].
• The prevalence of risk factors for infections are best understood for bovine brucellosis and to a lesser extent for ovine and caprine brucellosis [4].
• A total of 340 (of 11,995) randomly selected herds were tested for tuberculosis, using the intradermal tuberculosis-skin test and 315 (of 10,562) herds tested for brucellosis using the serum Rose Bengal test [5].

High impact information on Brucellosis

• Hsp60 reacted strongly with serum from human brucellosis patients and was exposed on the bacterial surface via a VirB complex-associated process [6].
• Secondary amenorrhoea due to persistent corpus luteum in brucellosis [7].
• All sera from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis had significantly elevated IgG levels [8].
• Cimetidine and brucellosis [9].
• Brucellosis, immunodepression, and levamisole [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Brucellosis

• Treatment of human brucellosis with doxycycline plus rifampin or doxycycline plus streptomycin. A randomized, double-blind study [11].
• We have determined the three-dimensional structure of 6, 7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase (lumazine synthase) from Brucella abortus, the infectious organism of the disease brucellosis in animals [12].
• We concluded that the combination of doxycycline and streptomycin is an effective treatment for the types of brucellosis included in our study [13].
• We conclude that treatment with ciprofloxacin alone, although effective for the acute symptoms, is associated with an appreciable rate of relapse; therefore, it should be given with other agents for treatment of brucellosis [14].
• Comparative trial of co-trimoxazole versus tetracycline-streptomycin in treating human brucellosis [15].

Biological context of Brucellosis

• TNFA genotypes (at positions -308 and -238) were determined in 59 patients with brucellosis and 160 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [16].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) gene promoter polymorphisms and HLA class II genes on the susceptibility to or development of human brucellosis [16].
• We studied by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the reactivities of brucellosis sera against cytosolic (CYT) and membrane (MA) antigens from these nonpathogenic bacteria, and we evaluated the potential usefulness of these cross-reactions for the diagnosis of brucellosis in humans, sheep, cows, and dogs [17].
• To address which factors determine this serological discrepancy in the early stages of brucellosis we examined the antibody response to CP and LPS of 21 patients involved in an outbreak of B. melitensis infection who had a short duration of clinical illness at diagnosis (3-40 d) [18].
• Minocycline has, in large doses, been used with streptomycin in the elimination of the carrier state of canine brucellosis [19].

Anatomical context of Brucellosis

• The results suggest that CSF-1 plays a role in macrophage recruitment in brucellosis and that recruited macrophages contribute to the immunopathology and immunosuppression [20].
• OBJECTIVES: The intracellular antibiotic efficiency of gentamicin-loaded microspheres in the context of Brucella-infected murine monocytes was examined in vitro with a view to developing improved therapies for the treatment of brucellosis [21].
• The authors conclude that PHA-stimulated T-lymphocytes from untreated patients with acute brucellosis have defective INF-gamma production but normal IL-2 production [22].
• In this study, we evaluated changes of leukocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma total nitrite as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) levels during brucellosis therapy [23].
• The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that use of doxycycline in doses prescribed in routine clinical practice for brucellosis, decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) [24].

Gene context of Brucellosis

• There was no difference in the level of IL-8 in patients with brucellosis and those without this disease [25].
• Persons who are homozygous for the IFNG +874A allele may have a higher risk of contracting brucellosis [26].
• Our results confirmed that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are involved in the pathophysiology of brucellosis and are closely related to the inflammatory activation of the disease [27].
• The present study was focused on IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels in acute brucellosis cases, in the acute phase and at the end of the treatment [27].
• However, relative resistance to brucellosis did correlate with increased production of IFN-gamma by CD4 T cells during the first weeks after infection while IL-10 contributed to susceptibility in BALB/c mice [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Brucellosis

• The smooth lipopolysaccharide complex of the outer surface of smooth Brucella abortus cells is believed to be the antigenic component involved in serological tests routinely used for the diagnosis of brucellosis [29].
• A total of 58 sera, drawn from 11 human patients from 1 to 29 weeks after onset of brucellosis, gave higher geometric mean titers for the ELISA IgG test than for the MA with 2ME test [30].
• 2-mercaptoethanol Brucella agglutination test: usefulness for predicting recovery from brucellosis [31].
• We conducted a prospective, noncomparative, multicenter study to assess the safety and efficacy of doxycycline and netilmicin in the treatment of human brucellosis [32].
• The use of this protein in Western blotting allowed the differentiation between vaccinated bovines from infected bovines and the detection of infected rams: on the other hand, sera from human patients with active brucellosis were positive, while sera from human patients with chronic brucellosis or without clinical signs were nonreactive [33].

References