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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

North America

 
 
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Disease relevance of North America

 

Psychiatry related information on North America

 

High impact information on North America

  • A nonsense mutation at codon 677 of this gene is present in approximately 3% of cases of dominant RP in North America. We also detected two deletion mutations that cause frameshifts and introduce premature termination codons in three other families with dominant RP [11].
  • The two species of Atlantic sea sturgeon on either shore of the North Atlantic, Acipenser sturio in Europe and A. oxyrinchus in North America, probably diverged with the closure of the Tethys Sea and the onset of the North Atlantic Gyre 15-20 million years ago, and contact between them was then presumably precluded by geographic distance [12].
  • Organic nutrient enrichments shifted enantioselectivity for methyl dichlorprop ((RS)-methyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid) strongly towards preferentially removing the non-herbicidal enantiomer in soils from Brazil and North America, potentially increasing phytotoxicity of its residues relative to that of the racemate [13].
  • In North America, 4-5% of the general population are heterozygous for a CFTR mutation [14].
  • Here we analyse the class I alleles of the Waorani of South America and the Zuni of North America. Four of the Waorani HLA-B alleles were new functional variants which could be accounted for by intralocus recombination [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of North America

 

Biological context of North America

  • This study, combining our field and controlled environment manipulation studies in Europe and North America, reveals an additional control: an emergent pattern of increasing suppression of methane (CH(4)) emission from peatlands with increasing sulfate (SO(4)(2-)-S) deposition, within the range of global acid deposition [21].
  • The disease, which belongs to the Finnish disease heritage, exists predominantly in Finland, but many cases have been observed elsewhere in Europe and North America. The nephrin gene consists of 29 exons spanning 26 kb in the chromosomal region 19q13 [22].
  • Black spruce (Picea mariana [B.S.P.] Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) are two conifer species known to hybridize naturally in northeastern North America. We hypothesized that there is a progenitor-derivative relationship between these two taxa and conducted a genetic investigation by using sequence-tagged-site markers of expressed genes [23].
  • No unique mutations were found in Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Chinese, or Japanese SLE patients living in North America. CONCLUSION: The uncommon and equal occurrence of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in both SLE patients and normal subjects makes it improbable that they play important roles in genetic susceptibility to SLE [24].
  • The virus is enzootic throughout western North America and has spread to Asia and Europe. A full-length cDNA of the IHNV antigenome (pIHNV-Pst) was assembled from subgenomic overlapping cDNA fragments and cloned in a transcription plasmid between the T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the autocatalytic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme [25].
 

Anatomical context of North America

 

Associations of North America with chemical compounds

  • A decade ago, aspartic acid racemization ages were determined for some skeletal remains found in California, near La Jolla, Del Mar and Sunnyvale, suggesting that people were present in North America during the Upper Pleistocene [31].
  • Additional cases were collected from these and other centers across North America to further describe the clinical presentation and course of TTP due to ticlopidine therapy following stenting [32].
  • BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma total homocysteine level has been associated with cardiovascular disease in many studies, mostly in Europe and North America. Data on persons from other areas and on associations with overall mortality are sparse [33].
  • Erroneous primaquine dose in "Tropical Diseases in North America" (Disease-a-Month) [34].
  • Based on the current French price ratio of low-molecular-weight heparin to standard heparin, the use of low-molecular-weight heparin in North America would result in overall savings in cost; however, the relative cost-effectiveness is critically dependent on the price ratio between the two drugs [35].
 

Gene context of North America

  • Replication of putative candidate-gene associations with rheumatoid arthritis in >4,000 samples from North America and Sweden: association of susceptibility with PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4 [36].
  • To better understand the polymorphic nature of HLA-C molecules, 1823 samples from the National Marrow Donor Program research repository in North America have been typed by DNA sequencing and interpreted in terms of HLA-C diversification [37].
  • EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: ER status, grade, and histological tumor type were evaluated in 1131 women with invasive breast cancer, ascertained at 10 centers in North America. There were 208 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 88 BRCA2 carriers, and 804 women without a known mutation [38].
  • EXT1 is the most frequent single cause of EXT in the Caucasian population in Europe and North America. It accounts for about 40% of cases of EXT [39].
  • Our results indicate that USH2A mutations are found in about 7% of all cases of RP in North America, a frequency similar to the RPGR gene (8%) and the rhodopsin gene (10%) [40].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of North America

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