High impact information on Smear Layer

• Thus, Ca(OH)2 is effective at reducing the permeability of both the smear layer and of acid-etched dentin, in vitro [1].
• Third molars stored in distilled water with 0.5% thymol at 4 degrees C were ground with #600 SiC paper under running water to produce a standardized smear layer [2].
• Tetracycline at subcytotoxic levels inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 but does not remove the smear layer [3].
• A comparative SEM study of smear layer removal by detergents and EDTA on the root surface [4].
• EDTA appeared less efficacious leaving smear layer residues [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of Smear Layer

• SEM micrographs showed partial removal of one smear layer with EDTA and total removal of the smear layers with phosphoric acid [6].
• The production of a root surface smear layer by instrumentation and its removal by citric acid [7].
• SEM observations revealed that a 30-second application of Gluma Cleanser removes the smear layer totally [8].
• BACKGROUND: The antibacterial and anticollagenolytic properties of tetracycline (TCN) are valuable in periodontal therapy, and TCN treatment can remove the smear layer following root instrumentation [3].
• Effects of the smear layer, Copalite, and oxalate on microleakage [9].

Anatomical context of Smear Layer

• METHODS: Smear-layer covered dentin specimens produced from sound premolars, were acid-etched and analyzed by micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy, before and after treatment with the single-bottle adhesives One-Step, Prime and Bond 2.1, Scotchbond 1 and Syntac-Sprint [10].
• After root canal biomechanical preparation and smear-layer removal, the teeth were stored individually, immersed in flasks containing 800 ml of ultra-pure deionized water for a period of 118 days [11].
• The smear layer was removed and the samples were autoclaved and then incubated at 37 degrees C/5% CO2 for 24 h in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth containing 7.0 x 10(4) colony forming units per ml of E. faecalis [12].

Gene context of Smear Layer

• SR was similar for both substrates and MTBS was greater when the adhesive was applied on the completely air-dried smear layer [13].
• AIMS: To evaluate debris and smear layer scores after application of high-frequency electrical pulses produced by the Endox Endodontic System (Lysis Srl, Nova Milanese, Italy) on intact pulp tissue and organic and inorganic residues after endodontic instrumentation [14].
• RESULTS: Acid-etching the dentin resulted in the removal of the smear layer for all materials tested [15].
• Following acid etching of the dentinal surface with maleic acid/HEMA, the smear layer was removed, and a superficial zone was demineralized in such a way that the exposed collagenous dentin matrix retained its integrity [16].
• The BSA or EMP application resulted in a surface morphology similar to that of a smear layer [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Smear Layer

• Scanning electron microscopy study of the effect of tetracycline HCl on smear layer removal and fibrin network formation [17].
• In G4 EDTA gel exposure for 2-minutes following scaling and root planing resulted in removal of the smear layer and a marked exposure of round to oval dentinal tubule orifices [18].
• When the smear layer was present, application of 15 cmH2O (1.47 kPa) outward-directed filtration pressure reduced the inward flux of iodide by about 10-20% depending upon the hydraulic conductance of each specimen [19].
• The results demonstrated that the specimens treated with EDTA and EDTA-T gel presented a better smear layer removal than the control group (p < 0.01); no statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA and EDTA-T groups and between the concentrations tested (Mann-Whitney, p > 0.05) [20].
• The composition of the synthetic smear layer produced after oxalate treatment have been investigated by powder diffraction method suggesting calcium oxalate formation [21].

References