Disease relevance of Dentin

• We first examined the effect of IGF-I on bone resorption by preexistent osteoclasts by using unfractionated bone cells cultured on dentin slices [1].
• Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, isolated from bone and joint infections, specifically interact with bone sialoprotein (BSP), a glycoprotein of bone and dentine extracellular matrix, via a cell-surface protein of M(r) 97000 [Yacoub, Lindahl, Rubin, Wendel, Heinegârd and Rydén, (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 222, 919-925] [2].
• The organic features in the spectra of the EDTA-treated smear layer showed relative intensity ratios similar to demineralized dentin without contribution from the mineral phase [3].
• Six crowns were adhesively luted to dentin stubs, six to endodontically treated teeth with adhesive titanium posts and adhesive composite cores, and six to adhesive composite cores without posts [4].
• These results suggest that the multiple formations of interglobular dentin, which is the most outstanding feature of X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets, are not influenced in Hyp mice by the short-time normalization of the serum phosphate level [5].

High impact information on Dentin

• Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1 (DGI1, MIM 125490) is an autosomal dominant dental disease characterized by abnormal dentin production and mineralization [6].
• The osteonectin-collagen complexes also nucleate mineral phase deposition from metastable balanced salt solutions, Antibodies to osteonectin cross-react with bone and, to a lesser extent, dentin, but not with other tissues [7].
• Aspartic acid racemisation in dentine as a measure of ageing [8].
• Finally, like high-dose MCSF, overexpression of c-Fos normalizes the number of beta(3)(-/-) osteoclasts in vitro, but not their ability to resorb dentin [9].
• To determine whether alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can cause the mineralization of collagenous matrices in vivo, bovine intestinal ALP was covalently bound to slices of guanidine-extracted demineralized bovine dentin (DDS) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dentin

• Topical application of Ca(OH)2 paste to the smear layer reduced dentin permeability further, to levels 48% below that of untreated smear layers [11].
• Formulations containing potassium salts (e.g., chloride, nitrate, citrate, oxalate) are widely used for treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH) [12].
• Furthermore, several known bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonate, bafilomycin A1, and herbimycin A showed inhibitory effects on the calcium release from dentin slices [13].
• This study was a double-blind parallel group comparison of two strontium-based desensitizing toothpaste products and a conventional fluoride product in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity [14].
• They extended far into the coronal dentin and were associated with gingival inflammation and crestal bone resorption [15].

Biological context of Dentin

• However, osteonectin, a 32,000 Mr bone-specific protein found previously to promote collagen mineralization in vitro and present in abundance (approximately equal to 3% of total protein) in normal calf bone, was severely depleted (less than 2% of normal levels) in the osteogenesis imperfecta bone and dentin [16].
• A set of genes for dentine and bone extracellular matrix proteins constitutes an additional cluster distal to the EMP gene cluster, with similar structural features to EMP genes [17].
• Here we show that Dmp-1 null mice postnatally develop a profound tooth phenotype characterized by a partial failure of maturation of predentin into dentin, enlarged pulp chambers, increased width of predentin zone with reduced dentin wall, and hypomineralization [18].
• During the process of analyzing the 3' end of an odontoblast-specific cDNA which codes for dentin sialoprotein (Ritchie, H. H., Hou, H., Veis, A., and Butler, W. T. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3698-3702), we discovered a 801-base pair open reading frame [19].
• Lama2 mutant mice have thin dentin and a widely opened dentinal tube, as compared with wild-type and heterozygote mice, which is similar to the phenotype of dentinogenesis imperfecta [20].

Anatomical context of Dentin

• To confirm these in vivo findings, we cultured src-mutant bone marrow cells on dentine slices in the presence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [21].
• The continuing expression of NGFR-IR by pulpal mesenchymal cells in adult rats was most intense near coronal odontoblasts making tubular dentin; and it was lost during aging, or subjacent to sites of dentin injury that caused a phenotypic change in the odontoblast layer [22].
• Deletion of dentin matrix protein-1 leads to a partial failure of maturation of predentin into dentin, hypomineralization, and expanded cavities of pulp and root canal during postnatal tooth development [18].
• Polyclonal antibodies were raised in chicken against recombinant pig DSP, and used to identify native DSP in fractions of tooth dentin proteins extracted from developing pig molars [23].
• Dentin extracellular matrix components such as type I and III collagens are increased and deposited abnormally in the dental pulp, similar to the hereditary human tooth disorders such as dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta [24].

Associations of Dentin with chemical compounds

• 4 wk after implantation, the content of calcium and phosphate per microgram of hydroxyproline amounted up to 80 and 60%, respectively, of that found in normal bovine dentin [10].
• Furthermore, AP22408 inhibits rabbit osteoclast-mediated resorption of dentine in a cellular assay, exhibits bone-targeting properties based on a hydroxyapatite adsorption assay, and demonstrates in vivo antiresorptive activity in a parathyroid hormone-induced rat model [25].
• (5) The mesenchymal pulp cells continued to have intense NGFR expression in adult teeth, especially near coronal tubular dentin [22].
• DGP was isolated from a guanidine/EDTA extract of porcine tooth dentin by ion exchange, hydroxyapatite affinity, size exclusion, and RP-HPL chromatography [26].
• Dentin glycoprotein: the protein in the middle of the dentin sialophosphoprotein chimera [26].

Gene context of Dentin

• Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic noncollagenous protein shown by gene ablations to be critical for the proper mineralization of bone and dentin [27].
• Overall, our results identify a crucial role for Dspp in orchestrating the events essential during dentin mineralization, including potential regulation of proteoglycan levels [28].
• Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is a bone- and teeth-specific protein initially identified from mineralized dentin [29].
• Here we report the isolation and characterization of a third domain of DSPP, designated dentin glycoprotein (DGP) [26].
• Interestingly, the levels of biglycan and decorin, small leucine-rich proteoglycans, were increased in the widened predentin zone and in void spaces among the calcospherites in the dentin of null teeth [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dentin

• TR1 also strongly inhibited bone-resorbing function on dentine slices by mature osteoclasts and decreased 45Ca release in fetal long-bone organ cultures [30].
• Osteoclast formation in cocultures of RASFs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and a pit-formation assay using dentin slices [31].
• Cloning and sequence determination of rat dentin sialoprotein, a novel dentin protein [32].
• The in vivo transfer of Gdf11 by electroporation stimulated the reparative dentin formation during pulpal wound healing in canine teeth [33].
• Tibial shaft isografts were surrounded by bone and underwent progressive reabsorption beginning at the coronal dentine, exposed by occlusal wear prior to transplantation, while grafts to the subcapsular kidney site did not become surrounded by bone nor exhibit coronal resorption [34].

References