Disease relevance of Eisenmenger Complex

• Prevalence was high (greater than 20%) in pulmonary stenosis or primary pulmonary hypertension, lower (less than 15%) in Eisenmenger syndrome or aortic or mitral valvular disease and was not present in atrial or ventricular septal defect [1].
• METHODS: Reports published from 1978 through 1996 of Eisenmenger's syndrome (n = 73), primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) (n = 27) and secondary vascular pulmonary hypertension (SVPH) (n = 25) complicating late pregnancy were included and analyzed using logistic regression analysis [2].
• Patients had one of the following diagnoses: alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Eisenmenger's syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, or other [3].
• Initial experience with Bosentan therapy in patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome: Tetralogy of Fallot [4]?
• One hundred forty-five patients with the following lung diseases were included: emphysema (n = 38), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 20), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 26), primary pulmonary hypertension (n = 10), Eisenmenger's syndrome (n = 9), and cystic fibrosis (n = 41) [5].

High impact information on Eisenmenger Complex

• 7 of them had Eisenmenger's syndrome and 3 primary pulmonary hypertension [6].
• Images in cardiovascular medicine. Huge dilatation of pulmonary arteries due To ventricular septal defect with the Eisenmenger syndrome [7].
• Eisenmenger syndrome in adults: ventricular septal defect, truncus arteriosus, univentricular heart [8].
• In primary PH, the TM decrease was only significant in males whereas in the Eisenmenger's syndrome TM values were the lowest of all the patients studied, with mean values twice as low as controls (22 +/- 2 versus 44 +/- 2 ng/mL, P = 0.0001) [9].
• Further, relaxation responses to isoproterenol and levocromakalim were absent (n = 2) or markedly impaired (n = 3) in airways from patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Eisenmenger Complex

• Ventilatory function and carbon monoxide transfer factor were studied in nine adult patients with post-tricuspid intracardiac defects and the Eisenmenger syndrome [11].
• By contrast, PA rings from Eisenmenger's syndrome patients achieved a maximal relaxation of only 34 +/- 12% (P less than 0.05, unpaired t test), with even paradoxical contraction at high doses of ACh (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) [12].
• Sodium nitroprusside (10(-4) M) relaxed all PA rings, with and without endothelium (carefully removed before study), obtained from both control and Eisenmenger's syndrome patients [12].
• Management of Eisenmenger syndrome in pregnancy with sildenafil and L-arginine [13].
• Nine patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome were treated with bosentan at a dose of 125 mg twice a day [14].

Biological context of Eisenmenger Complex

• Although pregnancy should be discouraged in women with Eisenmenger syndrome, we have demonstrated that IV epoprostenol successfully treated a woman with Eisenmenger syndrome diagnosed in the third trimester [15].
• CASE: We present a woman with severe pulmonary hypertension due to Eisenmenger syndrome treated during pregnancy and delivery and postpartum with L-arginine and sildenafil to enhance the nitric oxide pathway [13].
• Administration of nitric oxide by means of inhalation during the labor of a woman with Eisenmenger's syndrome caused by an atrial septal defect resulted in improved oxygenation and initial pulmonary arterial pressure [16].

Anatomical context of Eisenmenger Complex

• In 4 patients with the Eisenmenger's syndrome complicating patency of the arterial duct (ductus arteriosus), we have studied the possibility of this selective pulmonary vasodilatory effect of nifedipine in reducing the right-to-left shunting [17].

Gene context of Eisenmenger Complex

• With this in mind, we compared the levels in the plasma of tissue-type plasminogen activator, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor in 25 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome [18].
• We conclude that measurement of von Willebrand factor, as compared with tissue-type plasminogen activator and thrombomodulin, will prove a better marker of endothelial response to hypoxaemia in patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome [18].
• Single-lung transplantation with atrial septal defect repair for Eisenmenger's syndrome [19].
• Superior vena cava-left atrial connection for Eisenmenger syndrome [20].
• A total of 109 adults with Eisenmenger syndrome (mean +/- SD age 29 +/- 11 years, 43% men) were followed for a median of 6.3 years [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eisenmenger Complex

• Patients undergoing single lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger's syndrome had results similar to those of other diagnostic groups [22].
• BACKGROUND: To date, lung or heart-lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for most adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger syndrome [23].
• Among the 8 patients referred to our echocardiography laboratory with the diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension between June 1994 and November 1999, 2 patients were found to have PDA with Eisenmenger's syndrome [24].
• Silent pulmonary artery dissection in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome due to ventricular septal defect: a case report [25].

References