Disease relevance of Ductus Arteriosus

• An infusion of prostaglandin E1 is widely used to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in neonates with congenital heart disease [1].
• Indomethacin used to treat premature labor appears to cause transient constriction of the ductus arteriosus in some fetuses, even after short-term use [2].
• Based on past studies of an experimental model of severe intrauterine pulmonary hypertension, we hypothesized that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), hypertensive lung structural changes, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) caused by prolonged closure of the ductus arteriosus [3].
• Persistent responsiveness of the neonatal ductus arteriosus in immature lambs: a possible cause for reopening of patent ductus arteriosus after indomethacin-induced closure [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Ductus arteriosus aneurysm likely develops in the third trimester perhaps due to abnormal intimal cushion formation or elastin expression [5].

High impact information on Ductus Arteriosus

• Furosemide stimulates the renal synthesis of prostaglandin E2, a potent dilator of the ductus arteriosus [6].
• Formalin infiltration of the ductus arteriosus. A method for palliation of infants with selected congenital cardiac lesions [7].
• Metabolism of PGE2 by prostaglandin dehydrogenase is essential for remodeling the ductus arteriosus [8].
• In 19 late gestation fetal lambs (126+/-3 d; 147 d, term) we ligated the ductus arteriosus at surgery, and treated animals with either BQ 123 (1 mg/d) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO, HTN) in the pulmonary artery for 8 d [3].
• We conclude that the effector mechanism for O2 sensing in the ductus arteriosus involves the coordinated action of delayed rectifier potassium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ductus Arteriosus

• Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been used to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in four neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease due to obstructive right heart malformations [10].
• Since indomethacin caused the ductus arteriosus to contract (by the removal of dilator prostaglandins), the effect of increased muscular tone per se on the response to noradrenaline was investigated by eliciting a contracture by potassium induced depolarisation [11].
• The effect of trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-anginal drug, on the mechanical response of the guinea-pig ductus arteriosus placed under conditions of mild hypoxia (PO2 approximately equal to 75 mmHg) was investigated [12].
• The use of prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease is now well established [13].
• In case of ductal stenosis, the potential risk of congestive heart failure must be considered, and maternal administration of drugs with constrictive effects on the ductus arteriosus, as indomethacin or betamethasone, should be avoided [14].

Biological context of Ductus Arteriosus

• Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in the neonate. Relation of plasma indomethacin levels to response of the ductus arteriosus [15].
• These data suggest that: (1) adenosine is a potent vasodilator of the lamb ductus arteriosus during oxygen-induced vasoconstriction; (2) fetal endogenous plasma adenosine levels fall significantly when PO2 is increased; and (3) the fall in adenosine concentrations parallels a decrease in ductal blood flow [16].
• Effect of gestational age on ductus arteriosus response to circulating prostaglandin E2 [17].
• Our results suggest that humoral sources of vasodilator (PGE2 and PGI2) and vasoconstrictor (TXA2) products may be more important than local production in control of the ductus arteriosus and point to the importance of the fetal and neonatal lung in cardiovascular adaptations and homeostasis [18].
• Comparison of effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on myometrial contraction and constriction of ductus arteriosus in rats [19].

Anatomical context of Ductus Arteriosus

• Dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by prostaglandin E1 in aortic arch abnormalities [20].
• The cDNA was also transfected into COS-1 cells and into the EBP-deficient smooth muscle cells (SMC) from sheep ductus arteriosus (DA) [21].
• During the study, three additional neonates with a ductus arteriosus were found to have a secundum atrial septal defect with a typical echographic image, "matchhead" appearance of the septal rim of the defect, but the Doppler flow patterns were indistinguishable from those of a valve-incompetent foramen ovale [22].
• In fetal aorta and ductus arteriosus, 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations were significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than all other measured PG, while in umbilical artery and vein 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels were equal to PGE2 levels [23].
• We previously established that increased hyaluronan synthesis in ductus arteriosus (DA) compared with aorta (Ao) endothelial cells (EC) from early gestation fetal lambs (100-d, term = 145 d) is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent [24].

Associations of Ductus Arteriosus with chemical compounds

• Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis constricts the ductus arteriosus in fetal lambs in utero [25].
• Of the remaining 11, the ductus arteriosus was effectively dilated by PGE1 in 10 infants [20].
• Significant constriction of the great vessels and ductus arteriosus was observed with L-NIL, whereas both LPS and SNP dilated these vessels [26].
• PGE2 is the most potent relaxant of the ductus arteriosus [27].
• Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the ductus arteriosus and circulation in fetal lambs in utero [28].

Gene context of Ductus Arteriosus

• Failure of ductus arteriosus closure and remodeling in neonatal mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 [29].
• Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the mouse ductus arteriosus: individual activity and functional coupling with nitric oxide synthase [30].
• Cyclooxygenase isoenzymes and patency of ductus arteriosus [31].
• No COX-2 was detected in the existing vasculature in normal tissues, and was also not expressed throughout the ductus arteriosus [32].
• PRX2 patterns deviated at later stages from those of PRX1 and showed specific and high transcript levels in the ductus arteriosus from embryonic day 6 onward [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ductus Arteriosus

• METHODS: Ibuprofen was administered on days 3, 4, and 5 by a 15-minute intravenous infusion of 10, 5, and 5 mg/kg, respectively, with the aim of closing the ductus arteriosus [34].
• DESIGN: Randomized, controlled interventional study to compare early ligation with formalin infiltration of the ductus arteriosus [35].
• Since PGE2 appears to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus and preterm neonate, we examined the patency of the ductus arteriosus in 3-hour-old newborn lambs by radioactive microsphere injections [36].
• To determine whether retinoid might be of value in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants, we studied the response of fetal ductus arteriosus to indomethacin with and without pretreatment with vitamin A (1 mg (3000 IU)/kg, intramuscular injection) in near-term and preterm rats [37].
• All patients underwent closure of the ductus arteriosus and patch angioplasty of the aorta to produce a luminal diameter of at least 16 mm [38].

References