Disease relevance of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• Excessive placental secretion of neurokinin B during the third trimester causes pre-eclampsia [1].
• Decreased birth weights of infants exposed to fluoxetine in the third trimester were identified in 1 study [2].
• Analysis of 2,000 consecutive patients who had a three-hour 50-gm. oral glucose tolerance test done in the third trimester of pregnancy has shown that the three-hour reading was not necessary for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes [3].
• The mothers of 3 infants with congenital abnormalities had received Metformin only during the last trimester of their pregnancy [4].
• The factors are found in maternal sera with significantly higher levels of digitalislike activity, as monitored by digoxin radioimmunoassay, in the sera of third-trimester women with pregnancy-induced hypertension as compared to normotensive third-trimester controls (315 vs 195 pg digoxin equivalents/ml; p less than 0.001) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• Lower cortisol levels were most apparent in babies born to mothers with PTSD exposed in their third trimesters [6].
• Prospectively identified fluoxetine-exposed pregnancies were evaluated to determine whether fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, might be associated with neonatal complications after maternal fluoxetine exposure during the third trimester through delivery [7].
• Binge-like neonatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) in rats, during the period of brain development comparable to that of the human third trimester, produces significant, dose-dependent Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum and deficits in eyeblink classical conditioning [8].
• FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS: Discriminant function analyses revealed that patient baseline cotinine value, duration of smoking habit, self-efficacy, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and exposure to patient education methods were predictive of non-smoking status assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy [9].
• Ten infants developed withdrawal symptoms, which correlated positively with the mean dose of valproate in the third trimester and the concentration of the free fraction of valproate in maternal plasma at delivery (p < 0.02) [10].

High impact information on Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) serum creatinine concentration increased from 1.9 +/- 0.8 mg per deciliter (168 +/- 71 mumol per liter) in early pregnancy to 2.5 +/- 1.3 mg per deciliter (221 +/- 115 mumol per liter) in the third trimester [11].
• CONCLUSION: Women who take fluoxetine during pregnancy do not have an increased risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss or major fetal anomalies, but women who take fluoxetine in the third trimester are at increased risk for perinatal complications [12].
• The presence of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy identifies a subgroup of women who are at high risk for preterm delivery [13].
• Acetaminophen overdose in the third trimester of pregnancy [14].
• Increasing dosage of calcitriol were needed during the last trimester with a prompt decrease in the requirement after delivery [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of multivitamin and vitamin A supplements on weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy among HIV-infected women [16].
• The goal of this study was to determine whether serum glycosylated protein levels (i.e., fructosamine) can reliably screen for gestational diabetes and whether these levels are valid markers of short-term glycemic control in the third trimester of pregnancy [17].
• Gestational diabetes: infant and maternal complications of pregnancy in relation to third-trimester glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians [18].
• RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, when compared with weekly CQ, IPT/SP was associated with a reduction in third-trimester anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.49; P<.001), placental parasitemia (AOR, 0.69; P=.04), and low birth weight (<2500 g) (AOR, 0.69; P=.04) [19].
• BACKGROUND/AIMS: Low blood Se levels have been previously shown in normal pregnancies (third trimester) and significantly lower levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), in Finland and in Chile, suggesting that a low or marginal dietary availability of Se may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease [20].

Biological context of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• Weight-specific glucose Ra was unchanged during pregnancy (nonpregnant, 1.89+/-0.24; first trimester, 2.05+/-0.21; and third trimester 2.17+/-0.28 mg/kg.min, mean+/-SD), while total glucose Ra was significantly increased (early, 133.5+/-7.2; late, 162.6+/-16.4 mg/min; P = 0.005) [21].
• Only low levels of IL-6 were detected in AF obtained from normal women in the midtrimester and third trimester of pregnancy [22].
• A measure of third-trimester tobacco smoke exposure based on number of cigarettes smoked per day, amount of each cigarette smoked, and depth of inhalation was associated (r2 = .59, P = .029) with maternal 4-aminobiphenyl levels but not with fetal 4-aminobiphenyl levels [23].
• CONCLUSIONS: The major hormonal alteration observed during pregnancy in SLE patients was an unexpected lack of estrogen serum level increase, and, to a lesser extent, progesterone serum level increase, during the second and-even more-the third trimester of gestation [24].
• The activity of lysophospholipase D for exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine in human serum was found to increase in normal pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy and to a higher extent in patients in threatened preterm delivery, suggesting its roles in induction of parturition [25].

Anatomical context of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• The lithogenic or cholesterol saturation index of fasting hepatic and gallbladder bile increased during the second and third trimesters [26].
• The expression of NOS on extravillous cytotrophoblasts was studied in placental bed biopsies, obtained, using a transcervical sampling technique, from normal human pregnancies between 8 to 19 weeks of gestation and in the third trimester [27].
• Neutrophils isolated from women during various phases of the menstrual cycle and during the third trimester of pregnancy did not differ with respect to chemotactic peptide-stimulated O2- generation [28].
• Expression of P-gp in brain capillaries was not observed before the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas in kidney and liver, mdr1-mRNA expression and staining for P-glycoprotein were detected in early fetal life (11 to 14 weeks) [29].
• Amniotic fluid concentrations consistently exceeded fetal serum prolactin levels, even during the last trimester, when fetal serum and pituitary levels were highest [30].

Associations of Pregnancy Trimester, Third with chemical compounds

• Whereas the greatest relative increase in body mass occurs during the third trimester of fetal life, the source of the cholesterol that supports this growth is uncertain [31].
• Normal pregnancy is associated with a two- to threefold increase in plasma triglyceride levels, particularly in the third trimester, due both to the overproduction of VLDLs and to the possible suppression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity [32].
• During the third trimester of human pregnancy the concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in maternal plasma are 4-50 times those in nonpregnant women and men [33].
• Maternal serum concentrations of relaxin, an insulin homologue produced both by the corpus luteum of pregnancy and by the fetoplacental unit, are highest in the first trimester and fall to their lowest level in the third trimester [34].
• 1 woman in the amoxycillin group had a positive culture at the third-trimester examination [35].

Gene context of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• The most relevant modifications are the lower than expected increase of IL-6 in the third trimester of gestation and persistently high levels of IL-10 during pregnancy [36].
• The binding of 125I-Tyr-CRH to CRH-BP decreased in the third trimester of pregnancy, when plasma CRH levels were markedly elevated [37].
• This is the first report to suggest that 11 beta-HSD2 is O(2) dependent in first and third trimester placenta during human gestation [38].
• The human GH-variant (hGH-V) gene, a member of the GH-PRL gene family, is expressed by the placenta during the second and third trimesters of gestation [39].
• Throughout the third trimester, mRNA for Prx I was expressed constitutively at low levels in fetal baboon lung [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pregnancy Trimester, Third

• The difference in relaxin levels between the study and control groups in the third trimester was highly significant [41].
• DESIGN: In a longitudinal study from preconception throughout pregnancy, we studied 54 unsupplemented women and 39 women who were supplemented with folic acid during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. tHcy, hematocrit, and serum albumin were determined preconceptionally and at 8, 20, and 32 wk of pregnancy [42].
• This paper illustrates that (1) the outcome of HSE in pregnancy can be favorable both for the mother and the offspring, (2) early diagnosis and use of acyclovir therapy is essential for successful outcome, and (3) the use of acyclovir in the third trimester of pregnancy was not harmful to the mother or fetus [43].
• HPLC was used to determine vitamin A concentrations in subjects' serum during the third trimester, in transitional breast milk (on days 13-14 of lactation), and in mature breast milk (on day 40) [44].
• Gel filtration of third trimester pooled plasma revealed that the majority of such material eluted with Kav of rat CRF (1-41) [45].

References