Disease relevance of Calamus

• Mutagenicity testing of beta-asarone and commercial calamus drugs with Salmonella typhimurium [1].
• In the caudal A2 subgroup located caudal to the calamus scriptorius, long-term but not acute hypoxia elicited an increase of in vivo tyrosine hydroxylation rate after 7 days of exposure (+60% above normoxic controls) [2].

High impact information on Calamus

• Phenylephrine-sensitive GABAergic neurons that were retrogradely labeled after tracer deposits in pressor sites of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) occupied a zone extending approximately 1.4 mm rostrally from the level of the calamus scriptorius, intermingled partly with catecholaminergic neurons of the A1 and C1 cell groups [3].
• The VRG organization was mapped systematically using injections of the excitatory amino acid DL-homocysteic acid (DLH; 5-20 mM, 2-6 nl) from single- or double-barrel pipettes at 100-200 microm intervals between the facial nucleus and the calamus scriptorius [4].
• A combination of a modified Feret' (Silvae Genet. 1971, 20, 46-50) extraction buffer and two types of electrophoresis with acrylamide and starch gels were used to characterize allozymes in mature vegetative tissue of a commercially high value species of rattans (Calamus subinermis) [5].
• The stereotaxic coordinates for mNTS were: 0.5-0.6 mm rostral to the calamus scriptorius, 0.5-0.6 mm lateral to the midline, and 0.5-0.6 mm deep from the dorsal medullary surface [6].
• The changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and respiratory frequency (RF) in response to microinjection of NMDA or AMPA into the commissural subnucleus of the NTS (comNTS) at the calamus scriptorius level of awake rats were evaluated [7].

Biological context of Calamus

• The aim of this work was to identify a diploid beta-asarone-free A. calamus by using chemical and molecular approaches [8].

Anatomical context of Calamus

• Stimulation of neurons in a specific nucleus tractus solitarius site (0.5 mm rostral, 0.5 mm lateral and 0.5 mm deep with reference to the calamus scriptorius) by injections of L-glutamate produced responses similar to those following the stimulation of cardio-pulmonary vagal afferent C fiber endings by PBG [9].
• Central nervous system studies on an ethanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes [10].

Associations of Calamus with chemical compounds

• Injections of glutamate into this spot, 1.0 mm caudal to the calamus scriptorius, 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, and 1.7 mm ventral from the dorsal surface of the medulla, induced significant increases in arterial pressure [11].
• The volatile oil of myrrh was obtained at 9.0 MPa and 50 degrees C and at a CO2 flow of 1.5 kg/h. Acorus calamus was extracted at 9.0 MPa and 45 degrees C and at a CO2 flow of 1.6 kg/h. In both cases, an oil devoid of cuticular waxes was obtained with a single depressurization stage [12].
• The main components of the SFE oil of A. calamus (Y = 3.5%) were acorenone, 13.4%; iso-acorone, 11.6%; (Z)-sesquilavandulol, 11.0%; dehydroxy isocalamendiol, 7.7%; and beta-asarone, 5.5% [12].
• Alcoholic extracts of the triploid A. calamus were characterized by a higher percentage of beta-asarone (11%), which was the main compound, followed by higher percentages of camphene (2.27%), E-beta-ocimene (3.28%), camphor (1.54%), calarene (1.42%), alpha-selinene (5.02%) and tau-cadinol (2.00%), when compared to the diploid A. calamus [8].
• An ethanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes was screened for CNS effects using a battery of 20 tests in rats and mice [10].

Gene context of Calamus

• Soluble proteins from fowl feather keratin. III. Isolation and characteristics of some calamus proteins [13].
• This small beta-keratin is probably suitable for the formation of long, axial filaments in elongated barb, barbule and calamus cells [14].
• In order to verify our algorithm, we tried to identify the compounds separated by GC-MSD from different species of Acorus calamus L [15].
• For these purposes alcoholic extracts of both diploid and triploid A. calamus were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and comparison of the 700 bp sequence of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) in the 5S-rRNA gene was also performed [8].
• High antioxidant activity was obtained from the extracts of three fruits, Gaultheria shallon, Sambucus cerulea and Prunus americana and one extracted rhizome, Acorus calamus [16].

References