Disease relevance of Rhipicephalus

• Viral interference in the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. II. Absence of interference with Thogoto virus when the tick gut is by-passed by parenteral inoculation [1].
• Its agent is a spotted fever group rickettsia, member of the Rickettsia conorii complex, transmitted to humans by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus pumilio ticks [2].
• Theileria parva piroplasmosis in mice, and its attempted transmission with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks [3].

High impact information on Rhipicephalus

• A novel proteinaceous metallo-carboxypeptidase inhibitor, named tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor (TCI), was isolated from the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus bursa and N-terminally sequenced [4].
• They use an example the transmission of an important livestock pathogen, T. parva, by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus [5].
• Dermacentor nuttallii from Siberia, Rhipicephalus sanguineus from Crimea, and Rh. pumilio from the Astrakhan region were infected with Rickettsia sibirica (12%), R. conorii (8%), and the Astrakhan fever agent (3%), respectively [6].
• The Rhipicephalus rickettsia grew well in monolayers of chicken embryo fibroblast, Vero, mouse L, and HeLa cells [7].
• In 1990, 17 adult Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks were collected in the south of France. Two spotted fever group rickettsiae, Mtu1 and Mtu5, were isolated from the hemolymphs of two of these ticks by the centrifugation shell-vial technique by using HEL cells [8].

Anatomical context of Rhipicephalus

• Salivary gland extract of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks inhibits in vitro transcription and secretion of cytokines and production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated JA-4 cells [9].
• A continuous cell line from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (RA 243) was compared with young lines of cells isolated from embryos of R. appendiculatus (RAE 25) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (RSE 8) [10].

Associations of Rhipicephalus with chemical compounds

• We have previously undertaken preliminary characterization of two Rhipicephalus appendiculutus serine protease inhibitors (RAS-1 and -2) as anti-tick vaccine candidates [11].
• Cloning, expression and partial characterization of a Haemaphysalis longicornis and a Rhipicephalus appendiculatus glutathione S-transferase [12].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacies of amitraz and fipronil for prevention of experimental and natural infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus [13].
• Serial sections of glycol methacrylate-embedded and frozen midguts of Boophilus microplus and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were studied histochemically by light microscopy [14].
• Resistance to the hard tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, was induced in rabbits by immunizing them with tick tissue proteins extracted with a detergent, Triton X-100 [15].

Gene context of Rhipicephalus

• In this study we found that Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva stimulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and reduces interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion by cells from normal C3H/HeJ mice [16].
• We describe the isolation and characterisation of two putatively new acetylcholinesterase genes from the African cattle ticks Boophilus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus [17].
• Sera of I. ricinus-infested rabbits and mice or of rabbits infested with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults reacted with a 20-kDa antigen in total extracts of partially fed R. appendiculatus females and the integument of this species [18].
• The larvae obtained from engorged females of the one-host tick Boophilus decoloratus, the two-host tick Rhipicepalus evertsi evertsi and the three-host ticks Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were tested against various concentrations of amitraz, chlorfenvinphos and cypermethrin using the Shaw Larval Immersion Test method [19].
• Although only small numbers were recovered, adult Haemaphysalis aciculifer were present from September to February, nymphs of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus from May to September, and adult Rhipicephalus lunulatus from December to March [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rhipicephalus

• Comparison of an amitraz-impregnated collar with topical administration of fipronil for prevention of experimental and natural infestations by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) [13].
• Major differences were observed in hexane, ethanol and butanol extracts of eggs obtained from Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi females in which the porose areas functioned normally (AP+ eggs) and from R. evertsi evertsi in which the porose areas were selectively destroyed by electrocautery (AP- eggs) [21].

References