Disease relevance of Boutonneuse Fever

• Detection of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii with a latex agglutination test in patients with Mediterranean spotted fever [1].
• Typhus group rickettsiae were susceptible to all macrolides tested, whereas the spotted fever group rickettsiae, R. bellii, and R. canada were more resistant, with josamycin, a safe alternative for the treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever, being the most effective compound [2].
• Q fever accounted for 10 cases (43%), visceral leishmaniasis for five cases (22%), boutonneuse fever for two cases (9%), and toxoplasmosis, Hodgkin's disease, and allopurinol hypersensitivity for one case each (4%) [3].

High impact information on Boutonneuse Fever

• Enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis in patients with Mediterranean spotted fever [4].
• Evidence of activation of the protein C pathway during acute vascular damage induced by Mediterranean spotted fever [5].
• Differences in levels of soluble E-selectin and VCAM-1 in malignant versus non malignant Mediterranean spotted fever [6].
• Plasma thrombomodulin level is correlated with those of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor and hepatic cytolysis markers in patients with Mediterranean spotted fever [7].
• Sera and urine samples from 115 Sicilian patients with boutonneuse fever (BF), obtained at the time of diagnosis and after clinical recovery, were analyzed for concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Boutonneuse Fever

• Randomized trial of 5-day rifampin versus 1-day doxycycline therapy for Mediterranean spotted fever [9].
• Ciprofloxacin therapy for Mediterranean spotted fever [10].
• Comparative, randomized trial of one-day doxycycline versus 10-day tetracycline therapy for Mediterranean spotted fever [11].
• Deleterious effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Mediterranean spotted fever [12].
• Use of steroids and heparin to treat retinal arterial occlusion in Mediterranean spotted fever [13].

Anatomical context of Boutonneuse Fever

• We examined whether monocyte-derived macrophages (MdM) incubated with rickettsia-infected HEp-2 or BGM cells a) affect R. conorii (Boutonneuse fever) growth, and b) secrete TNF and IL-1 alpha [14].

Gene context of Boutonneuse Fever

• Interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were significantly increased in sera from Sicilian patients with acute boutonneuse fever (BF) compared with those of healthy controls [15].
• The authors suspect G6PD deficiency to be a cause of enhanced severity in Mediterranean spotted fever as well as in other rickettsioses [16].
• Role of TLR4 receptor polymorphisms in Boutonneuse fever [17].
• Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever in serum and tissue samples [18].
• The serum levels of beta2-microglobulin (beta2-M), soluble HLA class I antigen (sHLA-I), soluble CD4 (sCD4) and CD8 (sCD8) were studied in 98 Sicilian patients with Boutonneuse fever (BF) [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Boutonneuse Fever

• Use of western blot to analyze the reactivity of sera from patients with Mediterranean spotted fever [20].

References