Disease relevance of Spirillum

• From cultures of the anoxygenic phototroph Halorhodospira halophila SL-1, an aerobic, gram-negative spirillum was isolated [1].
• Physiological comparisons with Aquaspirillum and Azospirillum failed to assign ASP-1 to any of the presently known Spirillum species [2].
• Two freshwater bacteria, a Pseudomonas sp. and a Spirillum sp., were grown in continuous culture under steady-state conditions in L-lactate-, succinate-, ammonium- or phosphate-limited media [3].

High impact information on Spirillum

• Titanospirillum velox: a huge, speedy, sulfur-storing spirillum from Ebro Delta microbial mats [4].
• Isolation and characterization of a new denitrifying spirillum capable of anaerobic degradation of phenol [5].
• Effect of dimethylsulfoxide on derepression of nitrogenase in Spirillum lipoferum [6].
• The membrane-bound enzyme ferrochelatase (protoheme ferro-lyase, EC 4.99.1.1) was purified from isolated membrane fragments of Spirillum itersonii approximately 490-fold [7].
• Membranes from Spirillum itersonii reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or succinate as a source of reductant [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Spirillum

• Intact cells and extracts from Spirillum lipoferum rapidly oxidized malate, succinate, lactate, and pyruvate [9].
• Isolated walls of Spirillum serpens VHA contained lipid, lipopolysaccharide, and protein in amounts similar to those of other gram-negative organisms [10].
• The aerotolerance of the microaerophilic bacterium Spirillum volutans was greatly stimulated in a defined medium by the presence of dihydroxyphenyl ferric iron-binding compounds such as nor-epinephrine at 10(-5) to 10(-6) M [11].
• Spirillum lipoferum grows vigorously on malate, succinate, lactate, or pyruvate, moderately on galactose or acetate, and poorly on glucose or citrate [12].
• (syn. Spirillum lipoferum) were selected in oxygen limited, deep agar tubes with chlorate [13].

Biological context of Spirillum

• A Spirillum sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. possessing crossing substrate saturation curves for L-lactate were isolated from fresh water by chemostat enrichment [14].
• A more active and/or more efficient respiratory chain may therefore also play a role in the advantage of Spirillum sp. The other factors which appear to be involved include a lower energy of maintenance of Spirillum sp. [0.016 g L-lactate (g cell dry wt)-1 h-1 compared with 0.066 in Pseudomonas sp.] and a lower minimal growth rate [14].

Anatomical context of Spirillum

• A complex and easily disrupted arrangement of macromolecules was present on the outer (lipopolysaccharide) membrane of the cell wall of Spirillum metamorphum [15].

Gene context of Spirillum

• A hydrogen peroxide-resistant mutant of the catalase-negative microaerophile, Spirillum volutans, constitutively expresses a 21.5 kDa protein that is undetectable and non-inducible in the wild-type cells [16].
• ASP-1 is a nitrogen fixing Spirillum bacterium which could also use ammonium and glucose or several organic acids as a carbon source but grew poorly with amino acids [2].

References