Disease relevance of valine

• Compared with women with the Ile/Ile genotype, women who had the Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype had an elevated risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.0; P =. 05) after adjustment for age, educational level, study period, history of breast fibroadenoma, leisure physical activity, and age at first live birth [1].
• We have reported that anti-idiotype antibody response and FcgammaRIIIa 158 valine/valine (V/V) genotype both correlate with better outcome in a group of 136 follicular lymphoma patients receiving idiotype vaccination after induction chemotherapy [2].
• One patient with an N12 valine (Val) substitution had been in complete remission from Hodgkin's disease (HD) for 9 years [3].
• This allelic difference predicts either a phenylalanine (F158) or valine (V158) at amino acid 158 in the membrane-proximal extracellular domain, and has been shown to be associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases [4].
• In other outbreaks, the V136, PrP allele was either not found or was not an absolute prerequisite for scrapie to develop [5].

Psychiatry related information on valine

• Atypical features were seen more frequently in sporadic 129 V/V CJD and fCJD cases [6].

High impact information on valine

• These results demonstrate a role for BDNF and its val/met polymorphism in human memory and hippocampal function and suggest val/met exerts these effects by impacting intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF [7].
• The risk was elevated even more among women who were homozygous for the Val allele (OR = 14.1; 95% CI = 1.8-113.4) [1].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genotype effects (in Met allele carriers vs Val homozygotes) on 5 cognitive domain z scores and magnetic resonance imaging gray matter brain volume measures (Talairach atlas-based cerebral lobes and optimized voxel-based morphometry) were examined using general linear models [8].
• However, in agreement with the predicted beta-strand conformation of a polyvaline segment, helical SP-C unfolds and transforms into beta-sheet aggregates and amyloid fibrils within a few days in aqueous organic solvents [9].
• METHODS: In a community-based sample of 1,163 subjects aged 59 to 71 years, we characterized the valine (Val) and methionine (Met) allele of the PRNP polymorphism at codon 129 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of valine

• In contrast, the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism was not significantly associated with breast cancer development (adjusted OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.64-1.78) [11].
• In comparison to the control subjects, the patients with the carcinoid syndrome had decreased plasma concentration of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), lysine (Lys), and ornithine (Orn), and an increased plasma concentration of methionine (Met) [12].

Biological context of valine

• To determine the onset of embryonic expression of the bGH gene, oocytes derived from ovaries homozygous for Leu alleles were fertilized in vitro with spermatozoa obtained from a Val homozygote [13].
• For the COMT gene, we selected the G/A nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to valine-to-methionine (Val/Met) substitution [14].
• RESULTS: It was found that there was a new point mutation at nt551 of the HBV (adr) genome from A to G, leading to a substitution of methionine (Met) to valine (Val) at position 133 in the "a" determinant of HBsAg [15].
• All 116 subjects showed a homozygosity of Val at codon 44 in the synphilin-1 gene, suggesting that this SNP is unlikely to affect genetic susceptibility to sporadic PD in the Japanese population [16].
• RESULTS: A C-to-T transition in codon 26 of exon 3 in the MYH7 gene was found in one family (including four patients and five carriers), resulting in an amino acid substitution of valine (Val) for alanine (Ala) [17].

Associations of valine with other chemical compounds

• Two coding polymorphisms of the PrP gene (PRNP) are a methionine (Met) to valine (Val) change at codon 129, and a deletion in the octapeptide coding region [18].
• This latter problem can be circumvented by replacing the polyvaline stretch of SP-C with a polyleucine stretch containing a few lysines [19].

Gene context of valine

• A single-nucleotide polymorphism of COMT gene at position 108/158 results in an amino acid substitution from valine (val) to methionine (met), which modifies its enzymatic activity and may change the brain morphology and expressional behaviors [20].
• Both apoE epsilon4 and PRNP Val allelic effects were additive [10].
• In children with both GSTM1 null and GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes, the increase in breathing difficulty associated with a 20-ppb increase in ozone exposure was even greater (21%, 95% CI 5-39%) [21].
• Increases in reported breathing difficulty were associated with ozone exposure in children with GSTM1 null (8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1-15%, per 20-ppb increase in 1-h maximum daily average over 7 days) or GSTP1 Valine/Valine (Val/Val) genotypes (14%, 95% CI 5-25%) [21].
• A polymorphism at position 559 in the cDNA of the FCGR3A gene encoding the FcgammaRIIIa generates two allotypes with either a valine (Val) or a phenylalanine (Phe) at amino acid position 158 [22].
• The VAMF strain (Val DeltaaceF Deltamdh DeltapfkA) overexpressing the ilvBN, ilvCED, ygaZH, and lrp genes was able to produce 7.55 g/liter L-valine from 20 g/liter glucose in batch culture, resulting in a high yield of 0.378 g of L-valine per gram of glucose [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of valine

• In patients with complete response (CR), the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 69% for patients with antibody response and/or V/V genotype, while the PFS was only 40% for patients with neither; the median time to progression (TTP) was 10.47 versus 3.46 years (P = .012) [2].

References