Disease relevance of Live Birth

• The adjusted risk of primary tubal infertility associated with any IUD use before a first live birth was 2.0 (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.5 to 2.6) relative to nonuse [1].
• Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a common congenital malformation leading to bowel obstruction, with an incidence of 1/5,000 live births [2].
• Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian populations, with an incidence of 1 in 2,000 live births in the United Kingdom, and a carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 20 [3].
• Compared with women with the Ile/Ile genotype, women who had the Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype had an elevated risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.0; P =. 05) after adjustment for age, educational level, study period, history of breast fibroadenoma, leisure physical activity, and age at first live birth [4].
• In an intracase analysis, the tumor ER level was positively associated with nulliparity, late age at first live birth, a history of benign breast disease, and having breast-fed at least 1 child and was negatively associated with previous use of E replacement therapy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Live Birth

• Outcome measures included: pregnancy characteristics, weight gain, and, in offspring as adults, pain threshold, acoustic startle responses and prepulse inhibition.RESULTS: There was no effect of treatment group on gestation length, number of live-births or still-births, maternal or offspring weight gain, and acoustic startle responses [6].
• WHR was also significantly and negatively associated with physical activity, alcohol consumption, and education, and was significantly positively associated with age, cigarette smoking, and a number of reproductive factors, such as history of infertility, number of live births, age at first live birth, and replacement estrogen use [7].

High impact information on Live Birth

• CONCLUSIONS: Treating women who have autoantibodies and recurrent fetal loss with prednisone and aspirin is not effective in promoting live birth, and it increases the risk of prematurity [8].
• Among DES-exposed women who became pregnant, 81 per cent had at least one full-term live birth [9].
• Analysis of 164 live births from AQP4[+/-] matings showed 41 [+/+], 83 [+/-], and 40 [-/-] genotypes [10].
• Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of the bones of the skull, is a common birth defect (1 in 3000 live births) that disrupts coordinate growth and often results in profoundly abnormal skull shape [11].
• Cases and controls came from two longitudinal populations, the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) and the national Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP), together comprising more than 70,000 live births [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Live Birth

• Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by an accumulation of intralysosomal cystine, with an incidence of 1 in 100,000 to 200,000 live births [13].
• The six pregnancies in women treated with dexamethasone (4-5 mg/day) ended in one early and one late spontaneous abortion, two stillbirths, and two live births with intrauterine growth restriction and mild adrenal insufficiency [14].
• CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with aspirin and heparin leads to a high live birth rate among women with recurrent miscarriage and antiphospholipid antibodies [15].
• The cost of treatment per live birth ranges from Cdn$650 for clomiphene treatment of unexplained infertility to Cdn$41,000 for in-vitro fertilization [16].
• CONCLUSION: Compared with concentrated oxytocin plus low-dose vaginal PGE(2), high-dose vaginal misoprostol is associated with significantly shorter induction-to-delivery intervals, fewer side effects, a lower incidence of retained placenta, and comparable incidence of live birth [17].

Biological context of Live Birth

• Here we show that Ptgs2 null mice on a CD1 background have dramatically improved female fertility including ovulation, fertilization, and implantation, giving rise to live births [18].
• METHODS: Data obtained from birth certificates and interviews on 1,230 women with singleton live births were analyzed to evaluate the potential influence of caffeine consumption during the first trimester on fetal growth [19].
• The incidence of live birth (25% versus 17%), chorioamnionitis (5% versus 2%), and postpartum hemorrhage greater than 500 mL (3% versus 3%) were similar between the misoprostol and oxytocin groups, respectively [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: This is the first IVF/GIFT study to report any effect of caffeine on live births, gestational age, and multiple gestations [20].
• The cost per live birth and potential for OHSS appears lower with OI/IUI, and the proportion of multiple pregnancies similar to that seen with IVF [21].

Anatomical context of Live Birth

• Oocyte number per live birth in IVF: were Steptoe and Edwards less wasteful [22]?
• Transfer of blastocysts to pseudopregnant foster mothers resulted in similar live birth rates (14.9% alphaMEM alone versus 19.8% alphaMEM/co-culture). alphaMEM was also introduced into our clinical IVF programme for culture of human embryos beyond day 3 [23].
• STUDY DESIGN: The frequency of the estrogen receptor gene variant in blood lymphocyte deoxyribonucleic acid and other selected maternal characteristics was compared among 60 primary recurrent aborters, 61 secondary recurrent aborters, and 43 women who had had at least two live births but no spontaneous abortions [24].
• BACKGROUND: Recently we discovered that human oviducts produce a significant amount of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) and that PGI2 enhances the potentials of live birth of mouse embryos [25].
• We provide a hypothetical example of interaction fallacy between the presence of the germ-line BRCA1 mutation, age at first live birth, and breast cancer risk based on data from the literature [26].

Associations of Live Birth with chemical compounds

• Twenty-three of the 80 patients treated with low-dose aspirin and 69 of the 80 patients treated with enoxaparin had a healthy live birth (odds ratio [OR], 15.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7-34, P <.0001) [27].
• Fasting plasma glucose increased linearly with increasing number of live births (coefficient 0.009, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006-0.012), as did the 2-h value (coefficient 0.015, 95% CI 0.009-0.021) [28].
• Prevalence of malformations was calculated as a rate for all cyclosporine-exposed live births and for the subgroups identified [29].
• RESULTS: Of 666 women, 204 (30.6%) had at least one pregnancy, and 136 (20.4%) had live births [30].
• We used data from a cross-sectional study of 107 premenopausal women to evaluate the relation of age, menarcheal age, parity, and age at first live birth with plasma estrogen and androgen levels in premenopausal women [31].

Gene context of Live Birth

• We observed increases in BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer risk in women who were either nulliparous or had their first live birth after age 30 (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.52-6.16) [32].
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common Mendelian disorder that affects approximately 1 in 1000 live births [33].
• This implies a 43% prevalence of CD in DS, which is well above that previously found by us in our population (0.62/1,000 live births) [34].
• BACKGROUND: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670) is a rare sporadic disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 per 8 million live births [35].
• Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA), is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and its frequency is estimated to be 1 in 40,000 live births [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Live Birth

• The adjusted risk of secondary tubal infertility associated with use of a copper IUD after a first live birth was not statistically significant (1.5; 95 per cent confidence limits, 0.8 to 3.0), whereas the risk from similar use of noncopper devices was significant (2.8; 1.3 to 5.9) [1].
• PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of prior treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for Wilms tumor diagnosed during childhood or adolescence on live births, birthweight, and the frequency of congenital malformations [37].
• METHOD: A retrospective cohort study of all live births to 209 incident patients with epilepsy in Iceland from 1960 to 1964 and live births to 418 age- (to the closest day of birth) and gender-matched residents without epilepsy [38].
• The frequency of adverse events (AE) during pregnancy in the women with epilepsy is similar to that observed among all live births in the population, but cesarean section was performed twice as frequently as in the general population [39].
• CONCLUSION: Egg-sharing does not compromise the chance of achieving a pregnancy or live birth for the egg-sharer or the recipient as compared to standard IVF/ICSI patients [40].

References