Disease relevance of Glis1

• Cultivation of ear skin biopsies was used to isolate spirochetes from C. glareolus, A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis and Glis glis [1].

High impact information on Glis1

• Identification of Glis1, a novel Gli-related, Kruppel-like zinc finger protein containing transactivation and repressor functions [2].
• Constitutively active Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin kinase IV enhanced Glis1-mediated transcriptional activation about 4-fold and may be mediated by phosphorylation/activation of a co-activator [2].
• Our results suggest that Glis1 may play a critical role in the control of gene expression during specific stages of embryonic development [2].
• Whole mount in situ hybridization on mouse embryos demonstrated that Glis1 is expressed in a temporal and spatial manner during development; expression was most prominent in several defined structures of mesodermal lineage, including craniofacial regions, branchial arches, somites, vibrissal and hair follicles, limb buds, and myotomes [2].
• Glis1 was mapped to mouse chromosome 4C6 [2].

Biological context of Glis1

• A novel gene, GliH1, with homology to the Gli zinc finger domain not required for mouse development [3].
• GliH1 is first detected diffusely in the limb buds at 10.0 days post coitus and later is expressed in the branchial arches, craniofacial interface, ventral part of the tail, whisker follicles and hair, intervertebral discs, teeth, eyes and kidney [3].
• While this produced indicator mice for GliH1-expression, analysis of mutant mice revealed no discernible phenotype or required function for GliH1 [3].
• A search of the Celera Genomics and associated databases identified possible gene sequences encoding a zinc finger domain with approximately 90% homology to that of GliH1, indicating there is a family of GliH genes and raising the possibility of overlapping functions during development [3].
• Consistent with this sequence conservation, gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that this new Gli homologous protein, GliH1, could bind previously characterized Gli DNA binding sites [3].

Anatomical context of Glis1

• LacZ was inserted into the GliH1 allele in embryonic stem cells to produce mice lacking GliH1 function [3].
• Northern blot analysis showed that expression of the 3.3-kb Glis1 mRNA is most abundant in placenta and adult kidney and expressed at lower levels in testis [2].
• In the first wave of spermatogenesis, mRNAs encoding all three Glis are detected in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells [4].
• In the present study we investigated the hepatocyte nuclei of euthermic and hibernating edible dormice (Glis glis) with the aim of revealing, by means of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analyses, possible modifications of nucleolar components during hibernation [5].

Associations of Glis1 with chemical compounds

• Seasonal variations in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after glucose loading in the edible dormouse (Glis glis L.) [6].

Other interactions of Glis1

• However, we cannot exclude the possibility that Glis can have more complex regulatory effects on Pdgfra gene activity, nor can we exclude such effects in pathological conditions [7].
• CtBP1 did not interact with other members of the Glis subfamily suggesting that this interaction is specific for Glis2 [8].
• In this study, we investigated the roles of the three vertebrate Glis in mediating midline Shh signaling in early ocular development [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Glis1

• In situ hybridization analysis of mouse embryos demonstrated that GliH1 expression is initiated later than the three Gli genes and has a more restricted expression pattern [3].

References