Disease relevance of Coitus

• In logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors for HIV infection were age, schooling, age at first sexual intercourse; having lived in Côte d'Ivoire; age and schooling showed significant interactions with ethnic group [1].
• CCR5-using (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major viral population that is transmitted by sexual intercourse and that replicates in infected individuals during the asymptomatic stage of HIV-1 infection, suggesting that agents effective against R5 HIV-1 can be expected to prevent viral transmission and delay disease progression [2].
• In women with hypertension, frequency of sexual intercourse and the achievement of orgasm was not associated with the giving of hydralazine, beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs or methyldopa [3].
• To determine whether ano-receptive unprotected sexual intercourse (SI) practised by transsexuals produces immunological abnormalities we compared delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DTH) and T cell helper (CD4) and suppressor (CD8) subsets in 57 transsexuals and 69 female sex worker controls [4].
• Patients were randomized to receive treatment with either sildenafil or placebo taken 1 hour before sexual intercourse (initial dose of 50 mg, adjusted to 25 mg or 100 mg according to efficacy and toxicity) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Coitus

• PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy and safety of alprostadil alpha-cyclodextrin and moxisylyte chlorhydrate to induce erections adequate for sexual intercourse in a prospective, randomized, parallel double-blind study in patients with erectile dysfunction [6].
• Statistically significant differences were found in the perceptions of the prevalence of the following risk behaviors: carrying a weapon to school (P<.001), LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) or cocaine use (P=.02), suicide attempt (P<.001), sexual intercourse (P<.001), alcohol use (P<.001), tobacco use (P<.001), and marijuana use (P<.001) [7].

High impact information on Coitus

• In the last four weeks of treatment in the dose-escalation study, 69 percent of all attempts at sexual intercourse were successful for the men receiving sildenafil, as compared with 22 percent for those receiving placebo (P<0.001) [8].
• The p30 antigen was detectable in vaginal fluid for a mean period of 27 hours after coitus, as compared with 14 hours for prostatic acid phosphatase [9].
• Ethinyl estradiol was administered at 5 mg/day and conjugated estrogens at 30 mg/day for five consecutive days starting within 72 hours of unprotected coitus [10].
• RESULTS: In Spink3(-/-) mice, the pancreas developed normally up to 15.5 days after coitus [11].
• We randomly assigned 4136 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles, who requested emergency contraception within 120 h of one unprotected coitus, to one of three regimens: 10 mg single-dose mifepristone; 1.5 mg single-dose levonorgestrel; or two doses of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel given 12 h apart [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Coitus

• Clinical studies assessed the effect of sildenafil on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction to engage in sexual activity and, specifically, to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse [13].
• The relief of atrophic vaginitis by premarin did not result in an improvement in libido and this suggests that the ability and the desire to have sexual intercourse are not related [14].
• Recto-vaginal fistula following coitus: an aftermath of vaginal douching with aluminium potassium sulphate dodecahydrate (potassium alum) [15].
• Significantly more patients who had abruptio placentae were unmarried, smoked cigarettes, received no antenatal care, had coitus within the 48 hours preceding delivery, developed intrapartum hypertension and had a lower ponderal index than the controls [16].

Biological context of Coitus

• The most obvious difference between the two groups of follicles was that the tissue at the apex of normal follicles began to thin out significantly by 9 h post coitus (near the time of ovulation), whereas the follicles from indomethacin-treated animals showed no signs of thinning, even as late as 12 h post coitus [17].
• A greater proportion of females displayed ovulation and/or luteinization following coitus than those given EB only [18].
• Intracavernous injection of papaverine hydrochloride with phentolamine mesylate rapidly produces transitory penile tumescence, which can be followed by erection and coitus provided there is sexual stimulation [19].
• A total of 91 women provided reproductive histories, including usual frequency of coitus, at their enrollment into prospective studies conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, in 1984-1986 [20].
• Hypertensive men presented a 25% reduction in sexual activity as compared to normotensive men (5.9 +/- 2.6 v 7.9 +/- 2.5 sexual intercourse episodes per month, respectively, P < .01) and a 12% reduction in testosterone levels (510.6 +/- 151.9 ng/dL v 578.6 +/- 146.8 ng/dL, P < .01) [21].

Anatomical context of Coitus

• We have previously reported that the local expression of Hst-1/Fgf-4 transcripts in AER of the mouse limb bud is developmentally regulated, expressed at 11 and 12 days post coitus (p.c.) embryo [22].
• A survey of rat tissues by immunoblotting indicated that p190 is expressed predominantly in the adult forebrain and cerebellum, and could be detected in embryos 11 d post coitus [23].
• Implantation sites from plasminogen-deficient galardin-treated mice at 7.5 days post coitus (dpc) showed delay in both decidualization and invasion of maternal vessels into the decidua [24].
• In accordance with this, seminal plasma derived hCAP-18 was found in its processed form in the vagina following sexual intercourse [25].
• Evidence is presented that one such substance is norepinephrine (NE), which is released from the mediobasal hypothalamus before, or simultaneously with, GnRH, although the latency in time between stimulus (coitus/estrogen) and response (GnRH/LH release) is very different [26].

Associations of Coitus with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSIONS: Vardenafil 10 mg did not impair the ability of patients with stable CAD to exercise at levels equivalent or greater than that attained during sexual intercourse (average of 2.5 to 3.3 METS) [27].
• Sensitization to thioridazine through sexual intercourse [28].
• Frequencies of erections, including nocturnal erections and coitus, showed significant dose-related responses to androgen treatment which closely followed the fluctuations in the circulating testosterone level [29].
• We and others have postulated that the response of the HOA to coitus, as characterized by a dramatic release of hypothalamic GnRH, may be mediated by an increase in norepinephrine (NE) neuronal activity [30].
• Sexual dimorphism in secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and norepinephrine after coitus in rabbits [30].

Gene context of Coitus

• In the developing heart, Tbx2 is expressed in the outflow tract, inner curvature, atrioventricular canal and inflow tract, corresponding to a myocardial zone that is excluded from chamber differentiation at 9.5 days post coitus (dpc) [31].
• In situ hybridization shows that in post coitus day 12.5 and 14.5 mouse embryos, distribution of p130 mRNA is quite uniform with the exception of a few tissues [32].
• We transfected mice on d 2 post coitus with pcDNA3.1/Emx2, Emx2 antisense, or respective controls consisting of empty pcDNA3.1 or a random order oligonucleotide by intrauterine lipofection [33].
• In situ hybridization of sections and whole-mount embryos demonstrated Gdf11 is first strongly expressed in restricted domains at 8.5 days post coitus (dpc) when it is highest in the tail bud [34].
• The present studies describe the placental expression of components of the VEGF family at two maturational time points (55 and 90 days post coitus, dpc) in a hyperthermic-induced ovine model of placental insufficiency-intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR) [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Coitus

• Northern blot analysis demonstrated three transcripts (3.1, 2.6 and 2.1 kb) in mRNA from adult mouse tissues brain, liver, and kidney as well as in mRNA from developing mouse embryos (days 7, 11, 15 and 17 post coitus, p.c.). In vitro transcription/translation yielded a product with an Mr of 59 kD [36].
• Circulating vitamin B12 levels were inversely associated with HPV persistence (P for trend, 0.037) after adjusting for age, age at first intercourse, marital status, cigarette smoking status, race, and body mass index [37].
• Plasma LH, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations during the 24-h period after coitus were measured by radioimmunoassay; ovulation was assumed to have occurred if progesterone values were elevated 7-30 days after coitus [38].
• In the present study, the number of brainstem neurons expressing TH, alpha4 and alpha7 subunits of the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) before and after coitus was determined by immunocytochemistry [39].
• The animals were untreated or given daily injections of 3 mgh hydrocortisone or 30 mg aspirin beginning the day after insertion of the IUD; 2 weeks after coitus, the animals were killed [40].

References