Disease relevance of CXCL3

• Expression of active human GRO beta and GRO gamma neutrophil chemotactic proteins in E. coli [1].
• The study was carried out on 244 nasal samples collected mainly by practitioners of the GROG surveillance network during winter 1998-1999 for the detection of influenza A virus [2].
• Our study was performed on clinical samples collected by practitioners of the GROG network (Groupe Régional d'Observation de la Grippe) in the south of France during the 2002-2003 influenza season [3].

High impact information on CXCL3

• RESULTS: Expression of the neutrophil chemoattractants GRO-alpha, GRO-gamma, and interleukin 8 increased rapidly (2-3 hours) but transiently after infection or proinflammatory agonist stimulator [4].
• A homology model of GRO gamma, constructed from the known structure of IL-8 by refinement calculations, indicated that access to the hydrophobic pocket was effectively abolished in GRO gamma [5].
• The ricinoleoyl-CoA was an efficient acyl donor in the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) to yield phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols [6].
• In microsomal preparations incubated with an equimolar mixture of [14C]oleoyl-CoA and [14C]ricinoleoyl-CoA in the presence of Gro3P, only a minor amount of [14C]ricinoleate entered PtdCho, and this was believed to be via the exchange of phosphocholine groups between a diacylglycerol pool and the PtdCho [6].
• In addition, cynomolgus macaque was found to contain an additional CXC chemokine highly homologous to CXCL3, termed CXCL3L (from CXCL3-like) [7].

Biological context of CXCL3

• One amino acid substitution of proline in GRO alpha by leucine in GRO beta and GRO gamma leads to a large predicted change in protein conformation [8].
• The bovine genes IL8, GRO1, and GRO3, mapped using bovine x hamster somatic cell hybrids, were all found to be located on chromosome 6 [9].
• From these results, it can be concluded that GRO alpha, GRO beta, and GRO gamma have the same pattern of activity toward human granulocytes and that the differences in amino acid sequence among these proteins have only minor effects on biological activity [10].
• In response to S. aureus, the HVEC genes most up-regulated compared to those in controls were those coding for chemokines or cytokines--MIP-3alpha, 478-fold; GRO-alpha, 26-fold; GRO-beta, 14-fold; and GRO-gamma, 30-fold--suggesting activation of innate immunity [11].
• GRO beta and GRO gamma expressed in bacteria were active in in vitro chemotaxis assays and were as effective as IL-8 in inducing chemotactic migration of neutrophils [1].

Anatomical context of CXCL3

• ELISA analysis of CM from monocytes cultured on MG(FN-) revealed a significant decrease in GRO-alpha and GRO-gamma compared with CM from monocytes cultured on MG [12].
• GRO-alpha, GRO-beta and GRO-gamma are closely related peptides that stimulate growth of tumor cells and activate leukocytes in acute inflammatory reactions [13].
• GRO alpha expression was evaluated in the tumour specimens compared with normal, while there was constitutive expression of GRO gamma in both normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa [14].

Associations of CXCL3 with chemical compounds

• Two different pathways are known for de novo formation of this compound, namely (a) the Gro3P (glycerol 3-phosphate) pathway, and (b) the GrnP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) pathway [15].

Other interactions of CXCL3

• No difference in CXCL2 and CXCL3 mRNA expression levels was observed [16].
• We also identify a novel oxPAPC-induced chemokine, the CXC motif ligand 3 (CXCL3), and show that its expression requires XBP1 [17].
• Here, 1,058 genes were differentially expressed, including many that were novel in this context (for example, CXCL3 and CXCL14) [18].
• Specifically, at 100 ng/mL, the order was IL-8/CXCL8>GRO-alpha/CXCL1>GCP-2/CXCL6>NAP-2/CXCL7>ENA-78/CXCL5>GRO-gamma/CXCL2>GRO-beta/CXCL3 [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CXCL3

• Constitutive and FN-f-inducible expression of GRO-alpha and GRO-gamma were also noted by RT-PCR and confirmed by immunoblotting [20].
• The role of radiotherapy in the management of elderly cancer patients in light of the GROG experience [21].

References