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Gene Review

Eip75B  -  Ecdysone-induced protein 75B

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: 57B, 75B, BcDNA:GM02640, CG8127, DmE75A, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Eip75B

  • Here, we identify the homologue of the Drosophila E75 early ecdysone inducible gene in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and show that, as in Drosophila, the mosquito homologue, AaE75, consists of three overlapping transcription units with three mRNA isoforms, AaE75A, AaE75B, and AaE75C, originating as a result of alternative splicing [1].
  • The F370Y mutation and addition of hemin to the growth medium during expression of the protein in Escherichia coli were necessary to produce good yields of heme-enriched E75 LBD [2].
 

High impact information on Eip75B

  • The oxidation state of the heme iron also determines whether E75 can interact with its heterodimer partner DHR3, suggesting an additional role as a redox sensor [3].
  • We isolated a 50-kb ecdysone-inducible gene, E75, that occupies the early puff locus at 75B [4].
  • The E75 ecdysone-inducible gene responsible for the 75B early puff in Drosophila encodes two new members of the steroid receptor superfamily [4].
  • The two putative zinc fingers that characterize the DNA-binding domain are encoded by exon A1 and exon 2, so that the E75 A protein contains both fingers, whereas the E75 B protein contains only the second [4].
  • The E75 B unit is 20 kb long and contains five exons, a 5'-terminal exon, B1, located within the second intron of E75 A, and the common exons 2-5 [4].
 

Biological context of Eip75B

  • Based on the amino acid sequence comparison, the shrimp nuclear receptor is considered the insect homologue of E75A [5].
  • Subcloning and DNA sequence determination of the PCR products confirmed the presence of two other forms of E75 (tentatively called E75C and E75D) in shrimp [5].
  • We find an unexpected close temporal relationship between DHR3, E75B, and betaFTZ-F1 expression after each major ecdysone pulse examined, reflecting the known cross-regulatory interactions of these genes in prepupae and suggesting that they act together at other stages in the life cycle [6].
  • It is thus possible that the E75 isoforms A and B are involved in the decision to develop or die in oogenesis [7].
  • E75A and E75B have opposite effects on the apoptosis/development choice of the Drosophila egg chamber [7].
 

Anatomical context of Eip75B

  • Broad-Complex, E74, and E75 early genes control DNA puff BhC4-1 expression in prepupal salivary glands [8].
  • E75 expression in mosquito ovary and fat body suggests reiterative use of ecdysone-regulated hierarchies in development and reproduction [1].
 

Associations of Eip75B with chemical compounds

  • Moreover, in vitro fat body culture experiments demonstrate that the kinetics and dose response of AHR3 to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), an active ecdysteroid in the mosquito, is similar to those of the late vitellogenic genes rather than the early E75 gene [9].
  • Finally, two recent reports have demonstrated: (i) lithium mediated regulation of Rev-erbalpha stability and (ii) E75 (the Drosophila orthologue of human Rev-erbalpha) is tightly bound by heme, and functions as a "gas sensor" through interaction with CO/NO and interferes with the repression of DHR3 (the Drosophila orthologue of human RORalpha) [10].
  • The presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin had no effect on the induction but prevented the decline, indicating that E75A RNA was directly induced by 20E, but its down-regulation depended on protein synthesis [11].
  • Juvenile hormone regulation of the E75 nuclear receptor is conserved in Diptera and Lepidoptera [12].
 

Regulatory relationships of Eip75B

  • Finally, in the presence of JH, E75A can repress ecdysone activation of early genes including Broad-Complex [13].
 

Other interactions of Eip75B

  • As the hormone concentration peaks in late third instar larvae, these transcripts are repressed and the class II RNAs (E74A, E75A and E75B) are induced [14].
  • Unlike E74 and E75 early genes, expression of br was activated in previtellogenic females, during a juvenile hormone (JH)-dependent period [15].
  • Second, E75A can potentiate the JH inducibility of a secondary response gene, JhI-21 [13].
  • In this work, we examine the sequence, genomic organization, and developmental expression of the other gene, DHR3, which, like E75, encodes one of a growing number of "orphan" receptors for which ligands have not yet been identified [16].
  • We show new evidence that EcR-A/USP-2 and E75A contribute to the down-regulation of MHR3 after the peak of ecdysteroid [17].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eip75B

  • We have used Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from staged animals and cultured organs to study the transcription of three primary response regulatory genes, E75, BR-C and EcR [14].
  • By RT-PCR, different levels of E75 expression can be detected in the epidermis, nerve cord and the eyestalk of early pre-molt shrimp [5].
  • Moreover, E75 transcripts can be detected in the epidermal tissues of early pre-molt shrimp by in situ hybridization [5].
  • E75 absorption spectra, resistance to denaturants, and effects of site-directed mutagenesis indicate a single, coordinately bound heme molecule [3].
  • E75 acts downstream of the previously known constriction regulators or in parallel [18].

References

  1. E75 expression in mosquito ovary and fat body suggests reiterative use of ecdysone-regulated hierarchies in development and reproduction. Pierceall, W.E., Li, C., Biran, A., Miura, K., Raikhel, A.S., Segraves, W.A. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  2. Drosophila nuclear receptor E75 is a thiolate hemoprotein. de Rosny, E., de Groot, A., Jullian-Binard, C., Gaillard, J., Borel, F., Pebay-Peyroula, E., Fontecilla-Camps, J.C., Jouve, H.M. Biochemistry (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. The Drosophila nuclear receptor e75 contains heme and is gas responsive. Reinking, J., Lam, M.M., Pardee, K., Sampson, H.M., Liu, S., Yang, P., Williams, S., White, W., Lajoie, G., Edwards, A., Krause, H.M. Cell (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. The E75 ecdysone-inducible gene responsible for the 75B early puff in Drosophila encodes two new members of the steroid receptor superfamily. Segraves, W.A., Hogness, D.S. Genes Dev. (1990) [Pubmed]
  5. Cloning of a shrimp (Metapanaeus ensis) cDNA encoding a nuclear receptor superfamily member: an insect homologue of E75 gene. Chan, S.M. FEBS Lett. (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. Temporal profiles of nuclear receptor gene expression reveal coordinate transcriptional responses during Drosophila development. Sullivan, A.A., Thummel, C.S. Mol. Endocrinol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. E75A and E75B have opposite effects on the apoptosis/development choice of the Drosophila egg chamber. Terashima, J., Bownes, M. Cell Death Differ. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Broad-Complex, E74, and E75 early genes control DNA puff BhC4-1 expression in prepupal salivary glands. Basso, L.R., Neves, M.d.e. .C., Monesi, N., Pa????-Larson, M.L. Genesis (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Expression of the early-late gene encoding the nuclear receptor HR3 suggests its involvement in regulating the vitellogenic response to ecdysone in the adult mosquito. Kapitskaya, M.Z., Li, C., Miura, K., Segraves, W., Raikhel, A.S. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. The orphan Rev-erb nuclear receptors: a link between metabolism, circadian rhythm and inflammation? Ramakrishnan, S.N., Muscat, G.E. Nuclear receptor signaling [electronic resource] : the e-journal of NURSA. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Regulation of the transcription factor E75 by 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone in the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, during larval molting and metamorphosis. Zhou, B., Hiruma, K., Jindra, M., Shinoda, T., Segraves, W.A., Malone, F., Riddiford, L.M. Dev. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  12. Juvenile hormone regulation of the E75 nuclear receptor is conserved in Diptera and Lepidoptera. Dubrovskaya, V.A., Berger, E.M., Dubrovsky, E.B. Gene (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Hormonal regulation and functional role of Drosophila E75A orphan nuclear receptor in the juvenile hormone signaling pathway. Dubrovsky, E.B., Dubrovskaya, V.A., Berger, E.M. Dev. Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. Temporal coordination of regulatory gene expression by the steroid hormone ecdysone. Karim, F.D., Thummel, C.S. EMBO J. (1992) [Pubmed]
  15. The early gene Broad is involved in the ecdysteroid hierarchy governing vitellogenesis of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Chen, L., Zhu, J., Sun, G., Raikhel, A.S. J. Mol. Endocrinol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  16. DHR3: a Drosophila steroid receptor homolog. Koelle, M.R., Segraves, W.A., Hogness, D.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed]
  17. Insights into the molecular basis of the hormonal control of molting and metamorphosis from Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. Riddiford, L.M., Hiruma, K., Zhou, X., Nelson, C.A. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. Genomic regions required for morphogenesis of the Drosophila embryonic midgut. Bilder, D., Scott, M.P. Genetics (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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