Disease relevance of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• In urethane-anesthetized rats, the tachycardia associated with the defense reaction can be elicited by unilateral microinjections of the GABAA-antagonist, bicuculline methyliodide (BMI, 20 pmol), into the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of the hypothalamus [1].

Psychiatry related information on Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• Role of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in olfactory discrimination learning in rats [2].

High impact information on Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) mRNA is found in all raphe nuclei and in the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus where the 5-HTT mRNA is dramatically reduced following immobilization stress [3].
• In contrast, chronic intermittent stress increased GAD65 mRNA in the anterior hypothalamic area, dorsomedial nucleus, medial preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterior BST, perifornical nucleus, and periparaventricular nucleus region [4].
• Acetylcholinesterase reaction was studied, as well as horseradish peroxidase and NADPH-diaphorase colocation in neuronal bodies which send and receive projections to and from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus [5].
• Acupuncture manipulation on PC6, in comparison to the sham acupuncture and tactile stimulation conditions, selectively activated left superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus [6].
• The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), defined as the cortical region that has a reciprocal innervation with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, is also a terminal region of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system [7].

Biological context of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• 1. Evoked potentials restricted to the magnocellular portion of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDmc) of the thalamus were recorded after stimulation of the olfactory bulb (OB) and the posterior orbital cortex of the frontal lobe (OFC) [8].
• Lactation induces an increase in NPY activity in two neuronal populations in the hypothalamus: the arcuate nucleus (ARH) and the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH) area [9].
• Rabbits with bilateral ibotenic acid or vehicle injections into the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) received differential Pavlovian heart rate (HR) conditioning in which tones of different frequencies served as conditioned stimuli (CSs) and a paraorbital electric shock train was the unconditioned stimulus (US) [10].
• In situ hybridisation shows that Asb-4 mRNA is expressed in brain areas linked to energy homeostasis, including the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and posterodorsal medial amygdaloid area [11].
• The NMDA-induced elevations in blood pressure are more prominent when NMDA is administered into the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus [12].

Anatomical context of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• A high binding density was present in the amygdaloid complex and mamillary bodies, olfactory tubercle, and medial portion of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus [13].
• RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower relative glucose metabolism in the mediodorsal nucleus and the centromedian nucleus and significantly higher relative glucose metabolism in the pulvinar, compared with the healthy subjects [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: Decreased [11C]flumazenil (FMZ) binding and glucose metabolism of the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) are common and have strong lateralization value for the seizure focus in human temporal lobe epilepsy [15].
• Trace expression was found in the dorsomedial nucleus, but no expression of thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 was detected in the lateral hypothalamus or the preoptic region [16].
• The results of these studies revealed an extensive distribution of ER beta mRNA in the hypothalamic regions including medial preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, medial tuberal nucleus, and the premammillary nuclei [17].

Associations of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus with chemical compounds

• RESULTS: Diminished regional glucose metabolism was found in the medial dorsal nucleus, posterior thalamus, and prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia relative to normal volunteers, extending earlier results from studies of medicated and previously medicated patients [18].
• OBJECTIVE: Neuronal number in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, the principal source of thalamic projections to the prefrontal cortex, has been reported to be lower in subjects with schizophrenia [19].
• RIA data indicated that both orexin A and orexin B peptide levels were significantly elevated (45-54%; P < 0.01) in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH) of the nicotine-treated rats compared with either solvent-only or pair-fed controls [20].
• The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptophan in nucleus accumbens, amygdala, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and dorsomedial nucleus were measured using HPLC coupled to an electrochemical detector [21].
• The aim of this study was to determine how GABA receptors in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in rats might contribute to the regulation of locomotor behavior [22].

Gene context of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• L-365,260 inhibited binding to most areas of the brain, but in the rat medial nucleus tractus solitarii and the monkey nucleus tractus solitarii. dorsomedial nucleus and infundibular hypothalamic nuclei together with the dorsomedial aspects of the caudate nucleus, where CCK-A sites are present, L-365,260 failed to displace all 125I-BH-CCK binding [23].
• Quite unexpectedly, NPY concentrations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a major site of NPY release for stimulation of feeding, and in other sites, such as the dorsomedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area and median eminence-arcuate nucleus decreased, with the earliest diminution occurring on day 2 in the PVN only [24].
• Cholecystokinin octapeptide and caerulein injection into the dorsomedial nucleus accumbens potentiate apomorphine-induced jaw movements in rats [25].
• Treatment of rodents with exogenous leptin increases SOCS-3 mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of the hypothalamus [26].
• Statistically significant seasonal changes (SE vs. WE) were reflected by decreases in TRH receptor binding in the arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, and ventral pallidum of WE animals [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus

• Whereas NPY concentrations were unchanged in the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus, NPY levels were significantly decreased in the median eminence, arcuate nucleus, and ventromedial nucleus 2 weeks after castration [28].
• Microinjections of the GABAB and GABAA agonists, baclofen and muscimol, into the mediodorsal nucleus produced dose-dependent increases in locomotion that were blocked by co-administration of the GABAB antagonist, 2-hydroxysaclofen [22].
• Electrical stimulation of the parafascicular but not the ventrolateral or dorsomedial thalamic nucleus (ten 0.5 ms, 10 V pulses, 140 microA) of freely moving rats induced a frequency-dependent (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 Hz) increase in the extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) content of the dorsal striatum, assessed by trans-striatal microdialysis [29].
• Field potentials in cingulate cortex (area 24) produced by electrical stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus were diminished by iontophoretic ejection of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol [30].

References