Disease relevance of PRV

• Alpha-herpesviruses constitute closely related neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus in man and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in pigs [1].
• Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus related to herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus, infects a broad host range of mammals [2].
• While the anti-interferon (IFN) strategies of HSV-1 have been studied, little is known about how PRV evades the IFN-mediated immune response [3].
• The antiviral activities of the products were determined by WISH cells/Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) and PK 15 cells/Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) respectively [4].
• These data indicate that the recombinant rPRV-GP5m-M is a promising candidate bivalent vaccine against both PRV and PRRSV infection [5].

High impact information on PRV

• We report that in vitro infection of swine TG neurons with the homologous swine alpha-herpesvirus PRV results in the appearance of numerous synaptophysin-positive synaptic boutons (varicosities) along the axons [1].
• PRV was localized in neural circuits innervating the tongue, stomach, esophagus and eye with light microscopic immunohistochemistry [6].
• Injections of the tongue resulted in retrograde transport of PRV and CT-HRP to hypoglossal motor neurons, while preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor vagal nucleus or somatic motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus were labeled following injections of the stomach or esophagus, respectively [6].
• Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus related to the human pathogens herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus [3].
• In this study, we determined if wild-type PRV infection can overcome the establishment of a beta interferon (IFN-beta)-induced antiviral state in primary rat fibroblasts [3].

Biological context of PRV

• Cellular gene expression survey of PseudoRabies Virus (PRV) infected Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293) [7].

Anatomical context of PRV

• The heterogeneity of RFPs among PRV isolates recovered from the central nervous system, lung, and foetus was not restricted specifically to one clinical entity [8].
• This study is the first qualitative analysis of a gene expression survey in a human cell line following PRV infection [7].
• Infected neurons were in the ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and preoptic area after injection of PRV into perirenal adipose tissue, while infected cells in the lateral hypothalamic area projected only to the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot [9].
• In the pig, neurons localised in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and arcuate nucleus were infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV) 9 days after injections into both the perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PRV

• The prime-boost vaccination induced strong humoral and cellular-like PRV-specific immune responses [10].
• The sensitivities of the multiplex PCR were 10(2.5)TCID(50)/ml for PRV, 10(1.8)TCID(50)/ml for PCMV, and 10(1.8)TCID(50)/ml for PCV [11].
• The pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), and porcine circovirus (PCV) are infectious agents in pigs that are considered to be of significance for the microbiological safety of xenotransplantation [11].
• A significantly higher prevalence of PRV antigen and seroprevalence was detected in older animals [12].
• The presence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies, antigen, and DNA were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively [12].

References