Disease relevance of neur

• In addition, a human homologue of the Drosophila neuralized gene has been described as a potential tumor suppressor gene in malignant astrocytomas [1].

High impact information on neur

• Here, we describe a Numb- and Neuralized-independent mechanism that acts redundantly in cell-fate specification [2].
• Delta, mastermind, bigbrain, and neuralized appear to function in elaboration of a signal upstream of Notch [3].
• The Drosophila neuralized gene encodes a C3HC4 zinc finger [4].
• Other tissues that express neuralized include the embryonic mesoderm and specific follicle cells in the ovary [5].
• Neur is required in a cell-autonomous fashion to restrict R8 and other photoreceptor fates and is involved in lateral inhibition of interommatidial bristles but is not required for induction of the cone cell fate [6].

Biological context of neur

• Distinct roles for Mind bomb, Neuralized and Epsin in mediating DSL endocytosis and signaling in Drosophila [7].
• The Drosophila neuralized gene shows genetic interactions with Notch, Enhancer of split, and other neurogenic genes and is thought to be involved in cell fate specification in the central nervous system and the mesoderm [1].
• This has been shown for neuralized and Notch, and could also be the case for Delta and for the Enhancer of split gene complex [8].
• We show here that Lgl promotes the cortical recruitment of Partner of Numb (Pon) and regulates the asymmetric distribution of the fate determinants Numb and Neuralized during the pI cell division [9].
• We propose that coordinated upregulation of ligand activity by Neuralized and inhibition of receptor activity by Numb results in a robust bias in Notch signaling [10].

Anatomical context of neur

• Here, we show that Neu is required at the plasma membrane for functional activity and that its RING finger domain acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase [11].
• In this model, Sna cell-autonomously represses sim expression in the mesoderm and relieves Su(H)-dependent repression in a cell non-autonomous fashion by promoting the Neur-dependent endocytosis of Delta in the mesoderm [12].
• In addition, female Neuralized null animals are defective in the final stages of mammary gland maturation during pregnancy [1].
• Male Neuralized null mice, however, are sterile due to a defect in axoneme organization in the spermatozoa that leads to highly compromised tail movement and sperm immotility [1].
• The development of the endoderm (midgut rudiments) is disrupted in most of the neurogenic mutations (Notch, Delta, Enhancer of split and neuralized) during at least two stages [13].

Associations of neur with chemical compounds

• Substitution of valine by glutamic acid in the transmembrane domain, in a position analogous to the oncogenic mutation in the rat neu gene, elevated the in vivo kinase activity of DER in Drosophila Schneider cells sevenfold [14].
• It has been observed that in female CBA, SHR, SAM and transgenic HER-2/neu mice long-term administration of melatonin was followed by an increase in the mean life span [15].
• We show that interactions between phosphoinositides and Neuralized contribute to the membrane localization of Neuralized in the absence of Delta, and that the phosphoinositide-binding motif is required for Neuralized to endocytose Delta downstream of Delta ubiquitination [16].

Other interactions of neur

• Interestingly, the Neur-mediated endocytosis of Delta has recently been shown to be sufficient for the non-autonomous activation of Notch target genes in wing imaginal discs [12].
• We propose that inhibition of Neur by Brd proteins is important for precise spatial regulation of Dl signaling [17].
• We conclude that D-mib and Neur are two structurally distinct proteins that have similar molecular activities but distinct developmental functions in Drosophila [18].
• Neuralized functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase during Drosophila development [11].
• The roles of cis-inactivation by Notch ligands and of neuralized during eye and bristle patterning in Drosophila [19].

References