High impact information on nAcRbeta-96A

• In Drosophila melanogaster, a testis-specific beta-tubulin (beta2) is required for spermatogenesis [1].
• When coexpressed with beta2, the moth isoform imposed the 16-protofilament structure characteristic of that found in the moth on the corresponding subset of Drosophila microtubules, which normally contain only 13-protofilament microtubules [1].
• Sp1 cooperates with the ets transcription factor, GABP, to activate the CD18 (beta2 leukocyte integrin) promoter [2].
• Complete amino acid sequence of human transforming growth factor type beta 2 [3].
• JAMs associate through their extracellular domains with the leukocyte beta2 integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 as well as with the beta1 integrin alpha4beta1 [4].

Biological context of nAcRbeta-96A

• 5. The snake venom component alpha-bungarotoxin (100 nM) efficiently but reversibly blocked D alpha3/beta2 receptors, suggesting that D alpha3 may be a component of one of the previously described two classes of toxin binding sites in the Drosophila CNS [5].
• In addition, the putative phosphorylation sites are located at the start of the beta2-strand (Thr18) and at the start of the alpha1-helix (Ser24), implying that the phosphorylation might cause some structural changes [6].
• Two dominant temperature-sensitive (DTS) Drosophila mutants are missense mutations of proteasome genes encoding beta-type subunits beta6/C5 (DTS5) and beta2/Z (DTS7) [7].
• The beta 1-, beta 2-, and beta 3-tubulin genes have been mapped by in situ hybridization on the polytene chromosomes of 11 selected species (15 strains) belonging to the Drosophila montium subgroup [8].
• A second form named htra2-beta2 is generated by alternative splicing [9].

Anatomical context of nAcRbeta-96A

• Immunohistochemical studies in the adult optic lobe revealed that SBD has a distribution similar to that of the alpha-subunit ALS in the synaptic neuropil [10].
• A chimera based on the chicken alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit containing an insert from loop B to the N-terminus of the Drosophila melanogaster Dalpha2 (=SAD) subunit was constructed and co-expressed with the chicken beta2 nAChR subunit in Xenopus laevis oocytes [11].
• Thus, a switch of beta tubulin isotypes from beta 1 to beta 2 occurs during male germ cell differentiation [12].
• CD11b is a member of the beta 2 subfamily of the human leukocyte integrins [13].

Associations of nAcRbeta-96A with chemical compounds

• SBD, a novel structural subunit of the Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, shares its genomic localization with two alpha-subunits [14].
• Neonicotinoids such as the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) [15].
• Epibatidine showed substantially higher affinity binding to subunit combinations containing neuronal (beta2 or beta4) subunits than it did to combinations containing muscle-type (gamma or delta) subunits [16].

Regulatory relationships of nAcRbeta-96A

• Nondesensitizing ACh-evoked inward currents were observed when D alpha3 was coexpressed with the chick beta2 subunit [5].

Other interactions of nAcRbeta-96A

• The subunits ALS, D(alpha)2 and SBD can be co-purified by alpha-bungarotoxin affinity chromatography [10].
• Interestingly, the Anopheles orthologues of Dbeta2 and Dbeta3 possess the vicinal cysteines that define alpha subunits [17].
• Two of the five chimeric subunits, Cfalpha1/Dalpha2 and Cfalpha3/Dalpha2, when co-expressed with rat beta2 in Drosophila S2 cells, showed high-affinity binding of both epibatidine (Kd=1.6+/-0.6 and 0.13+/-0.06nM, respectively), and imidacloprid (Ki=142+/-34 and 28.7+/-2.4nM, respectively) [18].
• The octamer between segments beta 2 and beta 3 that maintains a specific register between true binding sites was found to have an indirect role in interchain binding by stabilizing neighboring segments [19].

References