Disease relevance of MSRA

• The MSRA protein is found throughout the retina but is especially abundant at the photoreceptor synapses, ganglion and Müller cells [1].
• The charts of 100 patients with methicillin-resistant, gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA) were reviewed after an outbreak of MSRA occurred in our hospital [2].
• We report five recent cases suggesting that, while giving the appearance of success by conventional clinical and laboratory criteria (eg, resolution of fever and leukocytosis), vancomycin monotherapy may in fact be insufficient to prevent or reverse the progression of hematogenous MSRA vertebral osteomyelitis [3].
• Methionine oxidation results in loss of protein function that can be reversed through the action of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), which is implicated in oxidative stress protection and is an essential regulator of longevity in species ranging from Escherichia coli to mice [4].
• Interestingly, CBS-1 also shares significant identity with the carboxyl terminus of the peptide-methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA), a repair enzyme, from Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pneumoniae [5].

Psychiatry related information on MSRA

• Decrease in peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in Alzheimer's disease brain [6].

High impact information on MSRA

• In the present report, we establish that MsrA is present throughout the human lens, where it is likely to defend lens cells and their components against methionine oxidation [4].
• Methionine sulfoxide reductase A is important for lens cell viability and resistance to oxidative stress [4].
• The enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzes the repair of oxidized methionine in proteins by reducing methionine sulfoxide back to methionine [7].
• Enhancement of the hSlo activity was partially reversed by the enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, suggesting that the upregulation is mediated by methionine oxidation [8].
• The expression of human methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) was investigated in HaCaT cells, primary human keratinocytes, and in human skin [9].

Biological context of MSRA

• Activity, tissue distribution and site-directed mutagenesis of a human peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase of type B: hCBS1 [10].
• Targeted silencing of msrA message rendered cultured RPE cells more sensitive to oxidative damage suggesting a role for MSRA in RPE protection against oxidative stress [1].
• While UVB lowered protein expression of MSRA, an upregulation was observed in response to low doses of UVA and H(2)O(2) [9].
• In addition to melanogenesis and DNA repair systems, a wavelength-specific activation of epidermal MSRA may be involved in epidermal photoprotection [9].
• Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) is a virulence determinant in Mycoplasma genitalium [11].

Anatomical context of MSRA

• Therefore, MSRA has to be considered an important means for the general reduction of ROS release from mitochondria [12].
• Interestingly, MSRA was not detected in the mitochondria of the photoreceptor inner segments [1].
• Silencing of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A gene results in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production in human lens cells [13].

Associations of MSRA with chemical compounds

• MSRA reduces methionine S-sulfoxide, while MSRB reduces the R-diastereomer [14].
• MSRA (EC 1.8.4.6) is a member of the methionine sulfoxide reductase family that can reduce methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in proteins [1].
• Lipid-associated as well as lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I reacts with PMSR, suggesting that enzymatic reduction of oxidized apolipoprotein A-I in high density lipoproteins can result in restoration of biological activity and the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from cells [15].
• Ablation of the mammalian methionine sulfoxide reductase A affects the expression level of cysteine deoxygenase [16].
• Dihydrolipoic acid as an effective cofactor for peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in enzymatic repair of oxidative damage to both lipid-free and lipid-bound apolipoprotein a-I [17].

Other interactions of MSRA

• Collectively these data suggest MSRA may play an important role in protecting macular RPE from oxidative damage [1].
• We present the sequence of seven novel genes that represent the hPMSR (hPMS2-related) gene family [18].
• Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA, 10 micro M) eliminated the NaOCl-induced IkappaBalpha bandshift [19].
• In this paper, we show that cytadherence in M. genitalium is affected by an unrelated protein known as peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA), an antioxidant repair enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues in proteins to methionine [11].
• Thioredoxin and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase: convergence of similar structure and function in distinct structural folds [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MSRA

• MSRA was expressed in human epidermis, as shown by immunohistochemistry in healthy human skin [9].

References