Disease relevance of BMX

• Interestingly, chromosome X also contains the closest relative of BMX, the BTK gene, implicated in X-linked agammaglobulinemia [1].
• The 44 kDa Pim-1 kinase directly interacts with tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX and protects human prostate cancer cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs [2].
• The injuries sustained are compared to see if the clinical impressions that BMX are more dangerous, and produce more facial injuries, are correct [3].
• BMX bike injuries differed little from ordinary bike injuries except in the greater proportion of injuries due to stunts and the smaller incidence of head injuries [4].
• We present a case of 2 brothers who developed urethral strictures believed incident to BMX racing [5].

High impact information on BMX

• Etk/BMX, a member of the Btk family of tyrosine kinases, is highly expressed in cells with great migratory potential, including endothelial cells and metastatic carcinoma cell lines [6].
• We found that three nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, and Etk/BMX play important parts in this process [7].
• The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX was originally identified from the human prostate xenograft CWR22 [8].
• Tyrosine Kinase Etk/BMX Is Up-regulated in Human Prostate Cancer and Its Overexpression Induces Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Mouse [8].
• Bi-directional regulation between tyrosine kinase Etk/BMX and tumor suppressor p53 in response to DNA damage [9].

Biological context of BMX

• Etk/BMX tyrosine kinase is involved in regulation of various cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis [10].
• Xenograft tumors of ETK cells in vivo accumulated 2.5-fold more 8-[3H]GCV per gram of tissue and showed greater fluorescence from EGFP than control DU145 cells, demonstrating that the reporter gene functioned in vivo [11].

Anatomical context of BMX

• BMX tyrosine kinase gene is expressed in granulocytes and myeloid leukaemias [12].
• The results for basement membrane zone (BMX) were significantly different for the 11 face and 46 non-face biopsies: in the face, IgM was found in five, IgG in two, IgA in one, and C3 in none, whereas, in non-face, IgM was present in six, IgG in none, IgA in one, and C3 in five [13].
• Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc in an adolescent BMX bike rider [14].
• Mandibular condyle fractures and the BMX bicycle [15].
• In 830 Viennese school children of both sexes, aged 11-12 years, plasma carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol, erythrocyte transketolase activity (alpha ETK), erythrocyte glutathione-reductase (alpha EGR) and erythrocyte glutamic acid oxalacetic acid transaminase (alpha EGOT) were determined [16].

Associations of BMX with chemical compounds

• Cyclic AMP analogues and [BMX also stimulated the protein secretion in dose-dependent manner [17].
• The mean alpha ETK value indicated inadequate thiamine supply [16].
• In addition, 26 follow-up cases treated with methadone for a period of one and two weeks were compared before and after treatment and it was found that ETK AC, EGR AC, and EAST AC were significantly decreased [18].
• Their activation coefficients of the enzyme transketolase, glutathione oxidoreductase and aspartate aminotransferase (ETK AC, EGR AC and EAST AC respectively) were significantly increased for addicts who were on drugs for a long time which indicated a biochemical deficiency [18].
• The changes in the ETK (erythrocyte transketolase activity in whole blood) and a-ETK (ETK activity coefficient) during the hospital stay correlated with the cumulative dosage of furosemide adjusted for the duration of the therapy (r = 0.36, p < 0.001 and r = - 0.28, p > 0.03) [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BMX

• Two such injuries occurring within a short period of time prompted us to suggest that scrotal protection, as well as a crash helmet and limb padding, should be made standard safety equipment for all BMX bicycle riders who engage in the sport of jumping [20].
• Mean +/- SD, of alpha ETK improved pre-treatment level of 1.174 +/- 0.135 to 1.009 +/- 0.009 after treatment with thiamine [21].
• As analyzed by flow cytometry, passage of EGFP-TK-DU145 transfected cells (ETK) in vitro resulted in populations of cells with high and low expression of EGFP over time [11].

References