High impact information on HD1

• An RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown screen revealed that the predicted Arabidopsis histone deacetylase, HDA6, is required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance [1].
• A key component of the off switch is HDT1, a plant-specific histone deacetylase that localizes to the nucleolus and is required for H3 lysine 9 deacetylation and subsequent H3 lysine 9 methylation [2].
• Arabidopsis GCN5, HD1, and TAF1/HAF2 Interact to Regulate Histone Acetylation Required for Light-Responsive Gene Expression [3].
• Mutation of GCN5 resulted in a long-hypocotyl phenotype and reduced light-inducible gene expression, whereas mutation of HD1 induced opposite effects [3].
• In addition, the expression of HDA19 was induced by wounding, the pathogen Alternaria brassicicola, and the plant hormones jasmonic acid and ethylene [4].

Biological context of HD1

• The data suggest that AtHD1 is a nuclear protein and possesses histone deacetylase activities responsible for global transcriptional regulation important to plant growth and development [5].
• Analysis of Arabidopsis plants containing the HDA19:beta-glucuronidase fusion gene revealed that HDA19 was expressed throughout the life of the plant and in most plant organs examined [4].
• Overexpression of HDA19 in 35S:HDA19 plants decreased histone acetylation levels, whereas downregulation of HDA19 in HDA19-RNA interference (RNAi) plants increased histone acetylation levels [4].
• HDA6, a putative histone deacetylase needed to enhance DNA methylation induced by double-stranded RNA [6].
• In vitro and in vivo protein-binding assays showed that bnKCP1 interacts with HDA19 via the KID domain, and that S188 is critical for bnKCP1-HDA19 interaction [7].

Associations of HD1 with chemical compounds

• Our studies provide evidence that HDA19 may regulate gene expression involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response in Arabidopsis [4].
• Mutant COI1 proteins revealed that the F-box is required for interaction with SKP1s, but that sequences in leucine-rich repeat domains are required for interaction with the histone deacetylase [8].
• These results indicate that BnSCL1 is a member of the GRAS family, and suggest that its mode of action in plant auxin response may involve interaction with HDA19 [9].
• To study the role of histone acetylation in the regulation of gene expression during seed germination, trichostatin A (TSA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, was used to treat imbibing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds [10].
• DNA binding analysis performed with random-sequence DNA templates showed that the Athb-9 HD-Zip (HD-Zip-9) domain, but not the Athb-9 HD alone, binds to DNA [11].

Physical interactions of HD1

• An auxin-responsive SCARECROW-like transcriptional activator interacts with histone deacetylase [9].

Regulatory relationships of HD1

• The transcriptional repression activity of AtERF7 is enhanced by HDA19 and AtSin3 [12].

Other interactions of HD1

• The Arabidopsis F-box protein TIR1 interacted with SKP1 proteins, but not with the histone deacetylase [8].
• AtERF7 interacts with the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of a human global corepressor of transcription, AtSin3, which in turn may interact with HDA19, a histone deacetylase [12].

References