Disease relevance of C17orf37

• C35 (C17orf37) is a novel tumor biomarker abundantly expressed in breast cancer [1].
• Immunohistochemical analysis detected robust and frequent expression of C35 protein, including 32% of grade 1 and 66% of grades 2 and 3 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast (in contrast to 20% overexpressing HER-2/neu), 38% of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (typically HER-2/neu negative), as well as tumors arising in other tissues [1].
• This is similar to the situation in human Trx and Trx m from spinach chloroplasts but differs from Escherichia coli Trx, where it is C35 that moves upon change of the redox state [2].

High impact information on C17orf37

• Optimization of C35 hydroxyl group protection-deprotection completed the effort, which culminated in the first total synthesis of apratoxin A and will enable analog generation toward improving differential cytotoxicity [3].
• Further mutation of the A1:U72 base pair, which is conserved in virtually all eukaryotic initiator tRNAs, to G1:C72 in the C35 mutant background yielded tRNAs that were even more active in elongation [4].
• The diastereomer obtained through cyclization of the unwanted aldol product was subjected to an oxidation/reduction sequence to rectify the C35 stereocenter [5].
• At physiological pH (7.4), truncation of the two N-terminal SH2 domains [SH-PTP1(delta SH2)] or the last 35 amino acids of the C-terminus [SH-PTP1(delta C35)] activated the phosphatase activity by 30-fold and 20-34-fold relative to the wild-type enzyme, respectively [6].
• Cochliobolus heterostrophus race T, causal agent of southern corn leaf blight, requires T-toxin (a family of C35 to C49 polyketides) for high virulence on T-cytoplasm maize [7].

Biological context of C17orf37

• The C35 gene is located on chromosome 17q12, 505 nucleotides from the 3' end of the ERBB2 oncogene, the antigenic target for trastuzumab (Herceptin(TM)) therapy [1].
• Next to the bound GSH, the orientation of residues C35, H31, and S48 is suggestive of a cysteine-type protein phosphatase active site [8].
• The consensus sequence of the tRNAs charged by the various Gly-tRNA synthetases reveals conservation of only G1-C72 in the acceptor arm, C35 and C36 in the anticodon, and the (G10-Y25)-G45 triplet involved in tRNA folding [9].
• The murine anti-human osteoclast monoclonal antibodies 23C6 (vitronectin receptor) and C35 (osteoclast-selective) were used to further identify the osteoclast phenotype [10].
• The h3 allele contains a C658 to T missense mutation, whereas two missense mutations, C35 to T and A980 to C were identified in the h4 allele [11].

Anatomical context of C17orf37

• In a study designed to identify genes up-regulated in breast cancer, a cDNA clone corresponding to a novel gene C35 (C17orf37) was selected by representational difference analysis of tumor and normal human mammary cell lines [1].
• C35 was not detected in 38 different normal human tissues, except Leydig cells in the testes and trace levels in a small percentage of normal breast tissue samples [1].
• The HN proteins of the two low-fusogenic strains 8389 and 45785, and the highly fusogenic strain C35, were expressed in HeLa T4+ cells and their fusion promotion activities were compared [12].
• In contrast, C35 reacted with only very occasional giant cells [13].
• These giant cells and associated mononuclear cells were NSE- and distinctly TRAP+, and expressed osteopontin mRNA, C35, and 23C6 (human osteoclast) reactivity [10].

Associations of C17orf37 with chemical compounds

• Histidine residues were substituted for two of the Cys residues (C30 and C35), changing a C2C2 type Zn-binding motif to a C2H2 motif [14].
• Toward the synthesis of reidispongiolide a: stereocontrolled synthesis of the C17-C22 and C23-C35 degradation fragments [15].
• The structure of CIB1 revealed a complex with a molecule of glutathione in the reduced state bond to the N-terminal domain of one of the two subunits poised to interact with the free thiol of C35 [8].
• Sanglifehrin A is a novel complex natural product showing strong immunosuppressive activity and remarkably high affinity for cyclophilin A. To assess its pharmacokinetic properties in vivo, an efficient synthetic route was developed to introduce a tritium label in position C35 of sangliferin A via an oxidation/reduction strategy [16].
• The steady-state spectral properties (absorption and emission) of three structurally similar Coumarin dyes, C151, C500, and C35 were investigated in 13 different solvents [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C17orf37

• Abundant expression of C35 transcript in tumors was confirmed by Northern blot and real-time PCR [1].

References