Disease relevance of MYOZ3

• The CS3 region of gp41 has been been shown previously to be exposed on viral particles and envelope-expressing cells predominately after conformational changes in the HIV envelope occur due to the interaction of CD4 with gp120 [1].
• These results suggest that the CS3 region of TM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the AIDS virus, HIV-1 [2].
• Previously, we isolated two Tn4351-generated mutants of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (46-1 and CS3) that were unable to grow either on heparin or on chondroitin sulfate [3].
• Oral or intranasal immunization with an inactivated S. flexneri 2a strain (CVD1203) expressing the CFA/I and CS3 antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced IgG responses to both heterologous antigens [4].
• We now report that synthetic peptides corresponding to a conserved sequence within the transmembrane envelope proteins of both HTLV-1 (CS-1) and HIV (CS-3) are capable of suppressing the in vitro proliferative responses of human T lymphocytes to mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation [5].

High impact information on MYOZ3

• Heparin also up-regulated binding of CS3 at submolar concentrations with respect to the protein but down-regulated binding when present in excess [6].
• Conversion of cysteine 396 to alanine (protein CS3) led to a 10-fold increase in the binding activity of the protein to HepG2 cells [6].
• A specific HIV-1 TM sequence, denoted CS3, inhibits T-cell activation in vitro and antibody specific to CS3 has been linked to the absence of disease [2].
• CS3, when conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) and labeled with fluorescein, binds specifically to CD4+ cell lines [2].
• Replicon deltaME/76 with a deletion of 76 nucleotides in the 3'UTR of deltaME RNA (nucleotides 10423 to 10498) replicated efficiently, whereas replicon deltaME/352 with a larger deletion of 352 nucleotides (nucleotides 10423 to 10774), including two conserved sequences RCS3 and CS3, was significantly inhibited in RNA replication [7].

Biological context of MYOZ3

• Using complementation and insertional mutagenesis, we localized the region affected by the 46-1 and CS3 insertions to within 2.5 kbp [3].
• Thus, the chondroitin sulfate-negative and heparin-negative phenotypes of 46-1 and CS3 appear to be due to the interruption of a regulatory gene encoded by ORF1 and not to a polar effect of the insertions on a downstream gene(s) [3].
• Class 1 integrons were detected by PCR amplification using the primers CS5 and CS3 [8].
• With its capability for measuring radiometric, elemental and organic compound constituents of sediments, as well as bathymetry and water quality parameters, the GIMS/CS3 provides a cost-effective means of performing reconnaissance determinations of contaminant distributions and environmental monitoring tasks over broad geographic regions [9].

Anatomical context of MYOZ3

• The inhibition by such human retrovirus-related peptides appears to be T cell-specific in that B cell proliferation in response to stimulation with anti-IgG is not affected by the CS-3 peptide [5].
• However, in some instances, binding of bacteria to the two types of cells differed, e.g. bacteria expressing CS3 or PCFO9 bound well to human enterocytes but not to Caco-2 cells [10].
• CS-1 and CS-3 inhibit two-way mixed leukocyte culture reactions by 81 and 88%, respectively, at the 3 nmol per well concentration [5].

Associations of MYOZ3 with chemical compounds

• The latex double layer was established by first coating the negatively charged wall of the capillary with a layer of cationic quaternary ammonium anion-exchange Dionex AS5A latex particles (60 nm diameter), and then coating a layer of anionic sulphonated cation-exchange Dionex CS3 latex particles (300 nm diameter) onto the underlying AS5A layer [11].
• Further structural similarities with the animal aIIb beta3 complex is demonstrated with Western blotting detection after plant glycoproteins immunoprecipitation with CS3 in absence or presence of 5 mM EDTA to dissociate the complex [12].
• Of the 12 ST only strains, 5 (41.7%) expressed CFA/I and 2 (16.7%) CFA/II (CS2 + CS3) [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MYOZ3

• Human p45 was purified from CD4+ RH9 cells by CS3 peptide affinity chromatography [1].
• Accordingly, by immune electron microscopy we investigated the morphological characteristics of CS3 on bacterial cells and after purification [14].
• Southern blot analysis showed that the Tn4351 insertions in 46-1 and CS3 were about 100 bp apart [3].

References