Disease relevance of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA +/- TEF) usually occurs sporadically either as an isolated malformation or in conjunction with other congenital anomalies [1].
• Moreover, some combinations of defects are not observed (eg, neural tube defect and conotruncal heart defect, clefts and diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele and esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula) [2].
• Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome with tracheoesophageal fistula, rectovaginal fistula, and anal atresia: variant, or new syndrome [3]?
• The seven congenital anomalies and the estimated rates per 10000 births were: neural tube defects 8.09; oral clefts 29.03; abdominal wall defects 2.99; tracheoesophageal fistula 1.86; conotruncal heart defects 5.90; rectal atresia 3.15; and diaphragmatic hernia 3.24 [4].
• Diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia +/- tracheoesophageal fistula, and gastroschisis were not found in any monogenic syndrome in this sample [5].

High impact information on Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• Failure in septation between the trachea and the esophagus in Nkx2.1(-/-) mice leads to the formation of a common lumen that connects the pharynx to the stomach, serving both as trachea and as esophagus, similar in phenotype to a human pathologic condition termed tracheoesophageal fistula [6].
• Gastrointestinal visualization during xenon-133 ventilation study in a patient with tracheoesophageal fistula [7].
• Lung function and bronchial reactivity by methacholine challenge were studied in 24 patients seven to 18 years after repair of type I tracheoesophageal fistula [8].
• Loss of Shh expression in mice results in tracheoesophageal fistula, lung hypoplasia, and abnormal lung lobulation [9].
• We report a new family with oculodigitoesophagoduodenal syndrome (ODED syndrome), which associates microcephaly, abnormalities of the hands and feet, shortened palpebral fissures, tracheoesophageal fistula and duodenal atresia [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• Endoscopic patch closure of malignant esophagotracheal fistula using Histoacryl glue [11].
• Cimetidine and congenital tracheoesophageal fistula [12].
• Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in two infants born to hyperthyroid women receiving methimazole (Tapazol) during pregnancy [13].
• The present study describes the origin and development of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and vertebral anomalies in embryos using a rat model of VATER association produced by Adriamycin administration [14].
• In a retrospective study of tracheoesophageal fistula repairs in the Oxford Region, 1968 to 1982, 64 consecutive cases were classified according to Waterston group and gap length (less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm); where possible their current status was assessed by interview or questionnaire [15].

Biological context of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• The association between platelet counts and mechanical ventilation was assessed in 61 newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome, 10 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 10 infants with tracheoesophageal fistula [16].
• The organogenesis of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) remains unknown [17].

Anatomical context of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• TTF-1 and HNF-3beta in the developing tracheoesophageal fistula: further evidence for the respiratory origin of the distal esophagus' [18].
• The association between lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence, gastroesophageal reflux, and recurrent pneumonia in patients who have undergone successful repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula is demonstrated in this study [19].
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and truncus arteriosus in a premature newborn [20].

Gene context of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• Bone morphogenetic protein expression patterns in human esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula [17].
• Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 signalling in esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula [21].
• Gastroesophageal reflux is frequently associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula repair [22].
• Syndrome of microcephaly, facial and hand abnormalities, tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, and developmental delay [23].
• McKusick-Kaufman syndrome associated with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula: a case report and review of the literature [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tracheoesophageal Fistula

• Thus, because Nissen fundoplication is simple to perform and effective in preventing gastroesophageal reflux, this procedure is considered to be useful in the staged repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula [25].

References