Disease relevance of Abdominal Wall

• Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), which causes prenatal overgrowth, midline abdominal wall defects, macroglossia, and embryonal tumors, is a model for understanding the relationship between genomic imprinting, human development, and cancer [1].
• The majority of ACLP(-/-) mice die perinatally due to gastroschisis, a severe disruption of the anterior abdominal wall and herniation of the abdominal organs [2].
• Insufflation of the peritoneal cavity with CO2 is believed to be a causative factor in the development of abdominal wall metastases after laparoscopic resection of malignant tumors [3].
• The authors describe a case of subcutaneous neoplastic seeding in the abdominal wall in a 67-year-old man with posthepatitic liver cirrhosis complicated by a single nodule of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma [4].
• A high incidence of abdominal wall hernia was noted in patients with ADPKD [5].

High impact information on Abdominal Wall

• The plasma glucose responses to s.c. injection of this insulin into the anterior abdominal wall and to i.m. injection into the thigh were similar with respect to the extent, onset, and duration of effect [6].
• Eyelids and the abdominal wall did not close properly in some Sox11-deficient mice [7].
• Pitx2, a paired-related homeobox gene that encodes multiple isoforms, is the gene mutated in the haploinsufficient Rieger Syndrome type 1 that includes dental, ocular and abdominal wall anomalies as cardinal features [8].
• Northern blot analysis of abdominal wall tissue showed that five of six talc-treated animals given placebo expressed mRNA for the murine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), JE [9].
• OBJECTIVE: Large midline abdominal wall defects are continuously a challenge for reconstructive surgeons [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Abdominal Wall

• OBJECTIVE: To compare tumor growth, intraperitoneal implantation, and abdominal wall metastasis after laparotomy and CO2 pneumoperitoneum in a rat ovarian cancer model [11].
• Mice did not develop contact sensitivity to DNFB when applied to DMBA-treated dorsal trunk skin, whereas sensitization resulted when DNFB was applied to untreated abdominal wall skin [12].
• RESULTS: On estradiol removal, abdominal wall leiomyomas regressed within 15 to 30 days; when estradiol implants were reintroduced, leiomyomas redeveloped [13].
• Obese hypertensive individuals demonstrated marked hyperinsulinemia (P less than .01) and significantly reduced (P less than .05) submaximally stimulated adipocyte 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake (abdominal wall fat biopsy) [14].
• Sulindac and toremifene were unsuccessful in all cases and one patient with familial adenomatous polyposis suffered dramatic erosion of her desmoid through the abdominal wall during antisarcoma chemotherapy [15].

Biological context of Abdominal Wall

• Furthermore, the frequency of altered DNA methylation of LIT1 in patients with midline abdominal-wall defects and macrosomia was significantly higher, 65% (41/63) and 60% (46/77), respectively, than in patients without such defects, 34% (10/29) and 18% (2/11), respectively (P=.012 and P=.02, respectively) [16].
• In both groups the glycerol level in the microdialysate (lipolysis index) started to increase steadily from the start of the general anesthesia until the abdominal wall was closed [17].
• Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in fetal neural tube and abdominal wall defects at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation [18].
• In addition, the expression pattern of MyoD-lacZ transgenes in the intercostal and abdominal wall muscles of Myf-5-/- and MyoD-/- embryos suggests that appropriate development of these muscles is dependent on both genes and, therefore, these muscles have a dual embryonic origin (epaxial and hypaxial) [19].
• Three weeks after surgery, serial cross-sections of the reconstructed abdominal wall were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or embryonic myosin antibody, a well-characterized molecular marker of early myogenesis in development and regeneration [20].

Anatomical context of Abdominal Wall

• Lipolysis in the s.c. adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall was studied by measurement of arterio-venous differences, and lipolysis in the whole body was studied by constant infusion of [1,2,3-2H5]glycerol for measurement of the systemic glycerol appearance rate [21].
• Cholesterol concentrations in abdominal wall, adrenal gland, and kidney from two or three unaffected fetuses, who served as controls, averaged 2.0, 1.5, and 1.4 mg/g wet weight, compared to 0.08, 0.44, and 0.14, respectively, for the homozygous fetus [22].
• The present study investigated the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in peritoneal adhesion induced by scraping the surface of the cecum and abdominal wall in mice [23].
• In addition to the typical triad of the prune belly syndrome, comprising abdominal wall muscle deficiency, urinary tract dilatation and cryptorchidism, anomalies of the lower urinary tract and genitalia can occur [24].
• After estrogen treatment, the average number of labeled terminal profiles per area of the abdominal wall, axial, and pelvic floor motoneuron pool increased 1.5-, 3.3-, and 2.8-fold, respectively [25].

Associations of Abdominal Wall with chemical compounds

• Diffusion chambers were affixed to the serosal side of the anterior abdominal wall of rats, and solutions containing radiolabeled urea or mannitol were placed in the chambers [26].
• Using a depot testosterone formulation which provides stable, physiological range testosterone levels for up to 6 months, we studied nine men before and after insertion of six 200 mg testosterone implants under the abdominal wall skin and compared the results with 38 men treated in a previous study with weekly im injections of 200 mg TE [27].
• Electrocautery, but not scalpel, incision of the porcine abdominal wall increased ethane levels significantly (p < .02) [28].
• There was, however, extraskeletal uptake of the 99mTc bone tracer in the anterior abdominal wall confined to the sites of subcutaneous heparin administration [29].
• At the time of incision (33 +/- 16 min after the injection), cefotetan concentrations were 14.2 +/- 7 micrograms/g in abdominal-wall fat, 16.4 +/- 1 micrograms/g in epiploic fat, and 163 +/- 62 mg/liter in serum [30].

Gene context of Abdominal Wall

• These results suggest that metastasis to the abdominal wall peritoneum occurs as a second step from the first omental metastasis in a milky spot-independent manner and that TNF-alpha derived from tumor cells, mesothelial cells and inflammatory leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity may be involved in the progression of peritoneal metastasis [31].
• Ventral abdominal wall dysmorphogenesis of Msx1/Msx2 double-mutant mice [32].
• These findings indicate that Msx1 and Msx2 play roles in concert during embryonic ventral abdominal wall formation [32].
• Folbp1(-/-) pups presented with a range of malformations involving the neural tube, craniofacies, eyes, and abdominal wall [33].
• The rabbit plasma PAI activity and OHP content in abdominal wall had no difference in all groups [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Abdominal Wall

• METHODS: Control rats and rats pretreated with heat were subjected to surgical manipulation by opening the abdominal wall and handling the intestine as done during laparotomy [35].
• The abdominal wall lift (AWL) has been proposed for laparoscopic cholecystectomy to reduce hemodynamic effects caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) and high intraabdominal pressures (IAP) [36].
• Three patients (12%) in the bupivacaine group localized the most severe pain up to the second postoperative day to the right lower abdominal wall wound where the gallbladder had been extracted compared to 11 patients (44%) of the control group (P = 0.012) [37].
• Many of these innovative techniques require the insertion of large trocars through the anterior abdominal wall at points lateral to the midline [38].
• Oxytocin (4 IU) was injected through the abdominal wall into the corpus luteum in women undergoing laparoscopy for legal sterilization [39].

References