Disease relevance of Parasympathectomy

• Seventy-eight ocular hypertensive patients and 47 age-and sex-matched control subjects were assessed for parasympathetic denervation hypersensitivity of the iris using topical application of 2.5% methacholine chloride solution [1].
• The pattern of actin expression was found to be abnormal in hearts which were sympathetically aneural and those which had persistent truncus arteriosus combined with parasympathetic denervation [2].

High impact information on Parasympathectomy

• Parasympathetic denervation of the colon did not inhibit giant migrating contractions initiated by vasopressin [3].
• It is concluded that supersensitivity to methacholine, tested carefully in the manner described, is a useful guide to the presence of parasympathetic denervation or decentralization, but that it is not reliable in distinguishing between the two sites [4].
• The results offer new insights into possible mechanisms of altered electrophysiologic responsiveness to acetylcholine following cardiac parasympathectomy [5].
• After parasympathectomy, ventricular sarcolemma displayed significant increases in both basal and oxotremorine-stimulated GTPase activity [5].
• After parasympathectomy, ventricular myocytes were responsive to the effects of acetylcholine, manifested as shortening of the action potential duration [5].

Biological context of Parasympathectomy

• Bilateral parasympathectomy reduced IPR-induced cystatin S gene expression, suggesting a role of the parasympathetic nervous system in its regulation [6].
• The effects of parasympathectomy on serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in the cat [7].

Anatomical context of Parasympathectomy

• In the parotid gland the total amounts of VIP and SP were reduced by 95% after parasympathetic denervation (section of the auriculo-temporal nerve) [8].
• Increase of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat submandibular glands after parasympathectomy and repeated administration of haloperidol [9].

Associations of Parasympathectomy with chemical compounds

• Quantitation of the alpha and beta gamma subunits of the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins by immunoblot confirmed the increase in density of inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding proteins following parasympathectomy [5].
• The sympathectomy was in some of the experimental groups combined with either bilateral adrenal medullectomy, treatment with the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin or parasympathetic denervation of the gland by cutting the auriculotemporal nerve [10].
• Dopamine elicited Ca2+-sensitive tritium release, and dopamine antagonists or parasympathectomy prevented this release [11].
• 3. After parasympathetic denervation by ciliary ganglionectomy, the relaxant response to muscarinic agonists disappeared upon nerve stimulation [12].
• After parasympathetic denervation, maximal effects of VIP on adenylate cyclase, cAMP accumulation and amylase release in intact cells were increased two- to five-fold over contralateral control (or unoperated) parotid responses [13].

Gene context of Parasympathectomy

• Parasympathectomy resulted in a marked decrease in galanin immunoreactivity in the glands [14].
• The parasympathetic denervation was proven to be more severe in chagasic cardiomyopathy [15].
• Preganglionic parasympathetic denervation (decentralization) on one side and postganglionic parasympathetic denervation on the other are followed by an initial decrease in acetylcholine forming capacity and in number of acetylcholinesterase positive nerves in the bladder [16].
• These findings indicate that extensive parasympathetic denervation of the ciliary muscle occurs following PRP but not following HRMP [17].
• The calcitonin and PTH response to changes in calcium levels increased after regional parasympathetic denervation [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parasympathectomy

• Chemical sympathectomy by hexamethonium caused a similar reduction (45%) in the secretory response to L-dopa while parasympathectomy was unable to modify the salivary secretion caused by L-dopa or dopamine [19].
• Intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (130 pmol min(-1) kg(-1)) elicited a flow of parotid saliva, the protein content of which was significantly enhanced by prior parasympathetic denervation [20].
• This effect was prevented by previous blockade of A1 purinergic receptors with aminophylline, but not by parasympathectomy (vagotomy and atropine) [21].

References