Disease relevance of Sympathectomy

• Epicardial phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction in dogs produces sympathetic denervation of myocardium apical to the site of the intervention [1].
• Regional sympathetic denervation (n = 7) was performed by application of phenol to the epicardium surrounding an electrode at the site of origin of at least one morphology of ventricular tachycardia [2].
• The in situ C-1300 murine neuroblastoma (MNB) tumor model was used to investigate the influence of 6-hydroxydopamine (6HD)-induced sympathectomy on tumor growth and catecholamine concentration [3].
• Effect of cervical sympathectomy and hypoxia on the heterogeneity of O2 saturation of small cerebrocortical veins [4].
• Absence of circulating vasopressin [homozygous diabetes insipidus rats (DI)] or circulating adrenaline (adrenalectomized rats) did not affect A1 hypertension, but sympathectomy with systemic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) significantly attenuated A1 hypertension [5].

High impact information on Sympathectomy

• Tissue noradrenaline content confirmed sympathetic denervation in the transplanted hearts [6].
• We assessed sympathetic nerve function with the acetylcholine sweatspot test before and after lumbar sympathectomy in 31 patients with critical limb ischaemia [7].
• Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate and lumbar sympathectomy [8].
• After sympathectomy, mucosal and perivascular NPY fibers disappeared [9].
• Effect of central sympathectomy on gastric and small intestinal myoelectric activity and plasma motilin concentrations in the dog [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sympathectomy

• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: skin blood flow, sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes and pain before and after surgical sympathectomy [11].
• Unilateral ocular sympathetic denervation persisting for at least 2 yr was confirmed by ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, supersensitivity of pupillary dilation to topical phenylephrine, and profound pupillary hyporesponsiveness to topical hydroxyamphetamine [12].
• To compare the effects of guanethidine-induced sympathectomy with those following surgically induced sympathectomy, the inferior mesenteric ganglion and the proximal hypogastric nerves were removed in another group of rats [13].
• Selective sympathetic denervation increased NHGU during hyperglycemia but significantly blunted the response to portal glucose delivery [14].
• This hyperalgesia is prevented by sympathectomy and suppressed by the calcium antagonists Quin 2 and verapamil [15].

Biological context of Sympathectomy

• In late newborn puppies, VIP resulted in an increase in heart rate in the control state but not after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation [16].
• The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (10 mg/kg i.v.) on CBF autoregulation was studied in 16 spontaneously hypertensive rats (8 control and 8 treated with captopril) subjected to acute cervical sympathectomy [17].
• In contrast, sympathectomy markedly reduced the effects of H 35/25 and timolol on ocular tension [18].
• Effect of sympathectomy on axoplasmic transport of selected enzymes including MAO and other mitochondrial enzymes [19].
• Surgical sympathetic denervation increases alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated accumulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate and muscle contraction in rabbit iris dilator smooth muscle [20].

Anatomical context of Sympathectomy

• In contrast, in animals subjected to sympathectomy combined with sensory (trigeminal) denervation, no significant change in VIP or choline acetyltransferase was found in the nasal mucosa [21].
• When examined histochemically, cat and rabbit cerebral arteries exhibited a rich plexiform distribution of acetylcholinesterase which was not affected appreciably by sympathetic denervation [22].
• In conclusion, our results show that long-term sympathectomy causes an increase in ET-1 and decrease in NOS3, 5-HT, and SP immunoreactivity in ECs of the thoracic aorta [23].
• The response of segments of splenic arteries and veins and strips of splenic capsules to ouabain were compared before and after surgical sympathectomy [24].
• beta-Adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in developing rat parotid glands. Selective effect of neonatal sympathetic denervation [25].

Associations of Sympathectomy with chemical compounds

• Sympathetic neurocirculatory failure and decreased 6-[18F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity were unrelated to disease duration, disease severity, or L-dopa treatment CONCLUSIONS: Many patients with Parkinson disease-including all those with sympathetic neurocirculatory failure-have evidence of cardiac sympathetic denervation [26].
• We hypothesized that heterogeneous sympathetic denervation with phenol would create a milieu for sustained AF [27].
• This effect was dose-dependent and sequence-specific; like BK it was attenuated by sympathectomy and indomethacin pretreatment [28].
• The EFS relaxation was tetrodotoxin-sensitive but was not blocked by either chronic surgical sympathectomy or exposure to guanethidine (5 microM) [29].
• To test this hypothesis, the technique of coverslip autoradiography was used to localize and quantify beta 1AR and beta 2AR subtypes in tissue compartments of the heart in rats subjected to sympathetic denervation by two intravenous injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg per dose) [30].

Gene context of Sympathectomy

• This study examined the regulation of adrenal growth and type 1 A, 1 B, and type 2 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor (AT1A, AT1B and AT2) expression in the adrenal gland induced by sympathectomy [31].
• Guanethidine sympathectomy of mature rats leads to increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerves [32].
• In the spleen, ConA and LPS responsiveness was reduced after sympathectomy, as was IL-2 and IFN-gamma production [33].
• After lumbar sympathectomy both galanin- and TH-immunoreactive baskets disappeared, suggesting a sympathetic origin [34].
• Surgical sympathetic denervation by excision of the superior cervical ganglion in the rabbit abolished NPY-containing nerve fibers, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, but only decreased NPY levels by one third, which may be due to different identity of the peptide being detected by the two techniques [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sympathectomy

• The stimulatory effect of TRH analog was blocked by hepatic branch vagotomy and atropine, but not by hepatic sympathectomy, 6-hydroxydopamine, insulin antibody, or hypophysectomy [36].
• The increase in arthritis severity produced by dorsal rhizotomy could be reduced by prior sympathectomy or, less effectively, by prior treatment with capsaicin [37].
• Ablation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system by treatment of adult (axotomy) and neonatal (sympathectomy) mice with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide produced significant changes in the distribution of cell surface molecules detected on spleen lymphocyte populations [38].
• This cardiotoxic effect is mediated partly through the central nervous system and can be inhibited by increased plasma binding (bicarbonate), cholinergic stimulation (physostigmine), beta adrenergic blockade (propranolol), and sympathetic denervation (left stellate ganglionectomy) [39].
• We measured arterial and venous plasma DOPA concentrations in healthy subjects at rest, patients who had undergone regional sympathectomies or were undergoing general anesthesia, and subjects during procedures (tilt, oral clonidine, or iv isoproterenol, yohimbine, trimethaphan, or diazepam) known to affect plasma norepinephrine levels [40].

References