Disease relevance of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• To explore another possible cause for the physiological changes known to occur during a panic attack, we assessed parasympathetic nervous system activity by measuring vagal tone during treatments known to produce panic symptoms: sodium lactate administration and hyperventilation [1].
• Effect of D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol-5 enkephalin on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in the rat and the interrelationship to the parasympathetic nervous system [2].
• There might be a close interaction between these dietary factors, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the metabolism of essential fatty acids, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelium in human essential hypertension [3].
• To evaluate the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on human glucagon secretion, we have measured the plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels after the administration of edrophonium, bethanechol chloride, and 2-deoxyglucose, and have compared the IRG responses to hypoglycemia in normal, atropinized, and vagotomized man [4].
• Response to atropine implies that the reflex that produces bradycardia is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system [5].

High impact information on Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Retarded growth and deficits in the enteric and parasympathetic nervous system in mice lacking GFR alpha2, a functional neurturin receptor [6].
• To explore the potential role of the parasympathetic nervous system in human glucoregulatory physiology, responses to the muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol (5.0 mg s.c.) and antagonist atropine (1.0 mg i.v.) were measured in normal humans [7].
• This reflex vasodilator-induced cardio-acceleration after propranolol adminstration could be the result of incomplete blockade of endogenously released neurotransmitter, inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system, or a direct pharmacologic action of diazoxide [8].
• Intravenous erythromycin counteracts the deceleration of gastric emptying caused by GLP-1, probably by interacting with the parasympathetic nervous system (pancreatic polypeptide responses) [9].
• We investigated the interaction of adrenal glucocorticoids and the parasympathetic nervous system in the hyperinsulinaemia caused by neuropeptide Y infusion in rats [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• To evaluate the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the mediation and maintenance of reversible airway obstruction in perennially asthmatic children, we measured pulmonary function in 18 patients before and after the administration of atropine sulfate aerosol [11].

Biological context of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• This study was designed to determine whether histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in human asthmatics is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system and involves cholinergic pathways [12].
• The identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing synaptic inputs to this population of vagal motoneurones provides further detail towards the understanding of the regulation of heart rate by the parasympathetic nervous system [13].
• In contrast, parasympathetic nervous system blockade with methyl-atropine produced relatively less inhibition of baroreflex gain in the PA rat compared with the conscious rat [14].
• In addition, postpartum women who did not lactate showed evidence of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic nervous system tone [15].
• Experiments described in this paper were designed to test the hypothesis that the parasympathetic nervous system participates in IPR-induced cystatin S gene expression [16].

Anatomical context of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• It is argued that [1] the sympathetic nervous system is involved in glucagon release, [2] no alpha- and beta-receptor mechanisms are involved during this glucagon release, [3] the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in insulin release during noradrenergic LH stimulation [17].
• This may suggest the possible control by the parasympathetic nervous system of cutaneous blood vessels through vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing cholinergic neurons, in general or at least in the facial area [18].
• The inhibitory effect of intracisternal injection of CGRP appears to be mediated by the adrenal gland and in part by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system [19].
• This study tested the general hypothesis that high- and low-hostile respondents would show different patterns of change in monocyte cytokine and adhesion protein (MCAP) expression in response to pharmacologically induced alterations in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) balance [20].

Associations of Parasympathetic Nervous System with chemical compounds

• In order to determine the reason why this action of adenosine is blocked by the intact parasympathetic nervous system, we measured the chronotropic effects of adenosine while applying a constant cholinergic stimulus to the SA node [21].
• Although, the recent evidence has been made on immunosuppressive effect of acetylcholine-secreting neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system [22].
• Stress-induced changes in the function of the parasympathetic nervous system are mimicked by blocking GABA in the CNS of the cat [23].
• A younger group was also assessed after blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system with the use of atropine or glycopyrrolate and after blockade of the beta(1)-adrenoceptor by use of metoprolol [24].
• These results suggest that the hepatic metabolic response to fructose and glucose loads in rats depends on a functional parasympathetic nervous system [25].

Gene context of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Here we investigate the ability of the parasympathetic nervous system to modulate angiogenesis induced by TMps through the activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR) [26].
• The toxic effects of digitalis are attributable in part to poisoning of the enzyme Na+-K+ ATPase and in part to the interactions of digitalis with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [27].
• Our study demonstrates that changes in plasma FFA levels may have a parallel effect on cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system balance in NIDDM patients [28].
• Overall, our results suggest that the relationship of the BAS with cardiac reactivity seems to be mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system [29].
• There is evidence supporting involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system in the control of glucagon secretion [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parasympathetic Nervous System

• The influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the cardiovascular response to a synthetic atrial peptide (atriopeptin III) was examined in conscious normotensive rats by utilizing radiolabelled microspheres [31].
• Heart rates at all levels of LBNP were lower during beta blockade, yet increases occurred with successive LBNP steps, both before and after bed rest, indicating withdrawal of parasympathetic nervous system influences [32].

References