Disease relevance of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer [1].
• CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that CDDP-FU is more effective than CBDCA-FU as neoadjuvant treatment in stage IV-M0 head and neck cancer [2].
• METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with histopathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, located at or above the tracheal bifurcation, underwent neoadjuvant therapy consisting of external-beam radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil as a continuous infusion [3].
• To assess the feasibility of using microarrays to assess molecular end points following targeted treatment in a heterogeneous tumor, we measured global gene expression in localized prostate cancer before and following neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib mesylate [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant therapy with irinotecan combined with 5-FU/FA enabled a significant proportion of patients with initially unresectable liver metastases to undergo surgical resection [5].

High impact information on Neoadjuvant Therapy

• The expected response rate to T/FAC neoadjuvant therapy in unselected patients is 28% [6].
• Final results of a randomized phase III trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with a dose-intensified epirubicin and cyclophosphamide + filgrastim as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer: an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK multicenter study [7].
• COX-2 levels were shown to be highly associated with tumor susceptibility to neoadjuvant treatment [8].
• First report of a complete pathological response of a pelvic GIST treated with imatinib as neoadjuvant therapy [9].
• Nine patients diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer received GLN (0.5 g/kg/day) during MTX neoadjuvant therapy, escalating from doses of 40 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a doxorubicin-based regimen [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• These results suggest that anastrozole is highly effective as neoadjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-rich, large, operable breast cancer [11].
• PURPOSE: We conducted a prospective study of neoadjuvant treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, modifying the chemotherapy protocol by adding l-folinic acid and giving bifractionated radiotherapy with a cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) injection before each fraction [12].
• Pathological features of breast cancer response following neoadjuvant treatment with either letrozole or tamoxifen [13].
• The results of this study show that the combination of cis-platinum and radiation might constitute successful palliative or neoadjuvant treatment for squamous cell esophageal cancer [14].
• These preliminary results show that biweekly docetaxel and gemcitabine is an optimal regimen as neoadjuvant treatment of stage II and III breast cancer [15].

Biological context of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• We measured levels of apoptosis in a panel of 15 matched, 18-gauge core breast cancer biopsies obtained before and 48 h after neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel plus doxorubicin or paclitaxel as part of two prospective clinical trials [16].
• Effect of neoadjuvant treatment with anastrozole on tumour histology in postmenopausal women with large operable breast cancer [17].
• Early changes in tumour cell proliferation following neoadjuvant treatment with the third-generation aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, do not predict accurately for subsequent clinical response [18].
• Evaluating neoadjuvant therapy effectiveness on systemic disease: use of a prostatic-specific membrane reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [19].

Anatomical context of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• Neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix with epirubicin, paclitaxel and cisplatin [20].
• Between June 1980 and June 1985, 218 patients with Stage I adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri were allocated on the basis of hospital of presentation to receive either neoadjuvant treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 100 mg t.i.d. p.o. from diagnosis for 90 days, or no adjuvant treatment (the control group) [21].

Associations of Neoadjuvant Therapy with chemical compounds

• In patients, neoadjuvant treatment with celecoxib significantly down-regulated COX-2 and MET expression in the tumor when compared with the nontreated control group and when compared with pretreatment measurements [22].
• The overall response rate for cisplatin-based neoadjuvant treatment was 79% [23].
• The regime significantly prolonged animal survival compared with preoperative 5-FU neoadjuvant therapy, 5-FU postoperative adjuvant therapy, surgery alone, 5-FU without surgery, or the untreated control [24].
• Future studies comparing anastrozole with tamoxifen as a neoadjuvant treatment should be considered [11].
• Here we report the effects of neoadjuvant treatment with anastrozole on intratumoral levels of estrone (E(1)), estradiol (E(2)), and estrone sulfate (E(1)S), measured by a highly sensitive RIA following a multistep purification procedure involving high-pressure liquid chromatography [25].

Gene context of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• Expression of GST pi and TS was also significantly correlated with decreased OS after neoadjuvant treatment [23].
• CONCLUSIONS: To the author's know the current study is the first to date to demonstrate that u-PA system expression may serve as a predictor of risk in intestinal metaplasias and preoperative biopsies, implicating consequences for neoadjuvant therapy [26].
• Anastrozole, an orally active, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, single-center study to determine its efficacy as neoadjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed, estrogen receptor-rich, locally advanced or large (>3 cm), operable breast cancers [11].
• RNA was isolated from endoscopic biopsies (paired tumor and normal tissue) before neoadjuvant treatment and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (Taqman) assays were done to determine COX-2 mRNA expression levels standardized for beta-actin [27].
• VEGF levels were unaffected by neoadjuvant treatment but fell significantly on the first day after operation (652 versus 1057 pg/ml before operation; P < 0.05) [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neoadjuvant Therapy

• This study was undertaken to correlate change in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET) uptake with response to combined-modality neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer [29].
• Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study comparing radical prostatectomy versus radical prostatectomy associated with neoadjuvant hormonal combination therapy in T2-3 N0 M0 prostatic carcinoma. The European Study Group on Neoadjuvant Treatment of Prostate Cancer [30].
• mdr1 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in patients with primary breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant therapy [31].
• Evaluation of isolated lung perfusion as neoadjuvant therapy of lung metastases using a novel in vivo pig model: II. High-dose cisplatin is well tolerated by the native lung tissue [32].
• There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of third-generation aromatase inhibitors as first-line therapy for ER-and/or PgR-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and as a neoadjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive tumours unsuitable for breast conserving surgery [33].

References