Disease relevance of Rectal Neoplasms

• A reduced risk of rectal cancer was associated with vitamin C but not with vitamin A. The increased risk associated with high protein and total energy was confined to those consuming a low fiber diet, particularly among women; but some other aspects of the relationship between fiber consumption and risk of colorectal cancer were more complex [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: The persistence of a abnormal mucosal proliferation after sulindac therapy, in spite of the reduction of polyp number, suggests caution in assuming a lower risk of rectal cancer in patients with FAP [2].
• A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-M) was purified from a hepatic metastasis obtained from a blood group O patient with cancer of the rectum [3].
• Mutation analysis was performed for p53 in eight colon cancers and for APC and p53 in 22 rectal cancers [4].
• Serum beta-carotene levels showed a strong protective association with lung cancer, suggestive protective associations with melanoma and bladder cancer, and a suggestive but nonprotective association with rectal cancer [5].

Psychiatry related information on Rectal Neoplasms

• In the combined cohort, age, gender, family history of colon or rectal cancer, height, body mass index, physical activity, folate, intake of beef, pork or lamb as a main dish, intake of processed meat and alcohol were significantly associated with colon cancer risk [6].

High impact information on Rectal Neoplasms

• Improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted-infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery [7].
• Six hundred sixty patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer received intermittent bolus injections or protracted venous infusions of fluorouracil during postoperative radiation to the pelvis [7].
• The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus semustine after surgery has been established as an effective approach to decreasing the risk of tumor relapse and improving survival in patients with rectal cancer who are at high risk for relapse or death [7].
• Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer [8].
• In conclusion, this investigation has demonstrated a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (MOF) for the management of rectal cancer [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rectal Neoplasms

• Chronic ethanol ingestion increased the total number of rectal tumors significantly (17 vs. 6, p less than 0.02) [10].
• Rectal cancer in FAP patient after sulindac [11].
• In the present study the effect of chronic ethanol administration on acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced rectal cancer and the possible role of acetaldehyde in this process were investigated [12].
• Inflammation's role in rectal cancer following prostate radiotherapy, and emerging evidence for a protective role for balsalazide [13].
• Phase I study of preoperative oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin and radiation therapy in rectal cancer [14].

Biological context of Rectal Neoplasms

• Polymorphisms of the repeated sequences in the enhancer region of the thymidylate synthase gene promoter may predict downstaging after preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer [15].
• TP53 genotype but not p53 immunohistochemical result predicts response to preoperative short-term radiotherapy in rectal cancer [16].
• Furthermore, BI-1 expression analysis using a cancer profiling array showed up-regulation of BI-1 expression in cancer samples of breast, uterus and ovary, whereas down-regulated BI-1 expression was identified in stomach, colon, kidney, lung and rectal cancer [17].
• Five families had mutations in hMLH1, 4 of which were splice site mutations, 2 had frameshift mutations in hMSH2 and 1 patient with metachronous endometrial and rectal cancer but with a weak family history of cancer had a nonsense mutation in hMSH6 [18].
• We analyzed the relationships of survivin expression to RT, clinicopathologic variables, apoptosis, and p53 expression in rectal cancer patients who participated in a trial of preoperative RT [19].

Anatomical context of Rectal Neoplasms

• Treatment of the human rectal cancer cell line HRT-18 with sodium butyrate caused a reversible elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity which was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D [20].
• FMT tumor uptake at 60 min postinjection in mice with LS180 rectal cancer, RPM11788 B-cell lymphoma and MCF7 mammary cell carcinoma was assessed, and the results were compared with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) tumor uptake [21].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with locally advanced operable rectal cancer (uT3/4 or uN+, Mason CS III/IV) were randomly assigned to pre- or postoperative radiochemotherapy: A total dose of 50.4 Gy (single dose 1.8 Gy) was applied to the tumor and the pelvic lymph nodes [22].
• A randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to study whether the subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) increases the donated red cell blood volume in patients with rectal cancer [23].
• Twenty gastric and one rectal tumor stained diffusely with vimentin and actin, but not with desmin, and had scattered strongly S-100-positive cells that might either be trapped Schwann cells or tumor cells [24].

Gene context of Rectal Neoplasms

• Induction of p21, therefore, represents a novel resistance mechanism in rectal cancer undergoing preoperative radiochemotherapy [25].
• Our results however do not support the hypothesis that the risk of rectal cancer could also be directly related to IGF-1 levels [26].
• Rectal cancer risk was inversely related to levels of IGF-1 (ORs 1.00, 0.45, 0.33, 0.33; p(trend)=0.09) and IGFBP-3 (ORs 1.00, 0.75, 0.66, 0.49; p(trend)=0.21) [26].
• The p53-pathway seems to be more important in rectal cancer, in which it also has independent prognostic value [4].
• Thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression, and histological tumour regression after 5-FU-based neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rectal Neoplasms

• All patients were participants of a phase III clinical trial (CAO/ARO/AIO-94, German Rectal Cancer Trial) and were randomized to receive a preoperative combined-modality therapy including fluorouracil and radiation [28].
• PURPOSE: Patients with colon or rectal cancer were entered onto a prospectively randomized, controlled clinical trial of active specific immunotherapy (ASI) with an autologous tumor cell-bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine [29].
• CONCLUSION: The expression of TS is an important independent prognosticator of disease-free survival and survival in patients with rectal cancer [30].
• Dietary folate intake and k-ras mutations in sporadic colon and rectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study [31].
• Tumours of patients with node-positive rectal cancer were studied by immunohistochemistry for p53, BAX and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions [32].

References