Disease relevance of Commiphora

• Guggulsterone [4,17(20)-pregnadiene-3,16-dione], isolated from the guggul tree Commiphora mukul and used to treat osteoarthritis and bone fractures, was recently shown to antagonize the farnesoid X receptor, decrease the expression of bile acid-activated genes, and suppress the NF-kappaB activation induced by various carcinogens [1].
• Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Commiphora mukul as an adjunct to dietary therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia [2].
• 4. 25 mg/kg body weight garlic powder was more effective in lowering the serum cholesterol and triglycerides as compared with that of guggulu [3].
• The present study was undertaken to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of cell death (apoptosis) by guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, using PC-3 human prostate cancer cells as a model [4].

High impact information on Commiphora

• Guggul (Commiphora mukul), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), red yeast rice, and artichoke (Cynara scolymus) have been most extensively studied and have demonstrated reductions in total serum cholesterol levels of between10% and 33% [5].
• BACKGROUND: OB-200G is a polyherbal preparation containing aqueous extracts of Garcinia cambogia, Gymnema sylvestre, Zingiber officinale, Piper longum and resin from Commiphora mukul, all possessing thermogenic properties [6].
• A dihydroflavonol glucoside from Commiphora africana that mediates DNA strand scission [7].
• Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extract of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and of Acorus calamus L [8].
• Antagonism of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin caused by the use of Commiphora molmol as a herbal medication: a case report [9].

Biological context of Commiphora

• Gugulu (Commiphora mukul) induces triiodothyronine production: possible involvement of lipid peroxidation [10].
• Inhibition of MAP kinases by crude extract and pure compound isolated from Commiphora mukul leads to down regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 [11].

Anatomical context of Commiphora

• The aqueous suspension of Commiphora molmol (oleo-gum resin) has been screened for its potential to protect gastric mucosa against the ulcers caused by 80% ethanol, 25% NaCl, 0.2 M NaOH, indomethacin and combined indomethacin-ethanol treatment [12].

Associations of Commiphora with chemical compounds

• The hypolipidemic natural product Commiphora mukul and its component guggulsterone inhibit oxidative modification of LDL [13].
• Dammarane triterpenes of Commiphora confusa resin [14].
• Muscanone: a 3-O-(1", 8", 14"-trimethylhexadecanyl)naringenin from Commiphora wightii [15].
• While no marked change in the concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) was observed, triiodoth yronine (T3) concentration and T3/T4 ratio were enhanced following the administration of gugulu extract (0.2 g/kg b. wt./d for 15 days) [10].
• From the resins of Commiphora kua a novel bisabolene; 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(5'-hydroxy-1'(R),5'-dimethylhex-3'-enyl)-phenol together with two new dammarane triterpenes, 3beta,16beta,20(S),25-tetrahydroxydammar-23-ene and 3beta-acetoxy-16beta,20(S),25-trihydroxydammar-23-ene, have been isolated [16].

Gene context of Commiphora

• The anticlastogenic and biochemical potentials of Commiphora molmol were studied in Swiss albino mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) [17].
• In the present study, the catalytic and immunological properties of purified ASB from the liver of Schistosoma-infected mouse was investigated in the presence and absence of the schistosomicidal drugs praziquantel and Commiphora extract [18].
• 3. Progressive decrease in the mean values of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were conspicuous for forty eight hours following the administration of guggulu/garlic powder [3].
• In August 2003, a well-designed trial reported small significant increases in serum LDL levels associated with the use of guggul compared to placebo [Szapary PO, Wolfe ML, Bloedon LT, et al. Guggulipid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(6):765-72] [19].
• Extracts of the resin of the guggul tree (Commiphora mukul) lower LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in humans [20].

References