Disease relevance of Longum

• Yoghurt with Bifidobacterium longum reduces erythromycin-induced gastrointestinal effects [1].
• METHODS: Mice were gavaged with Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bifidobacterium longum, or Bifidobacterium lactis in spent culture medium from days 10 to 21 after infection [2].
• The tet(W) genes found in human Fusobacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium longum isolates were more than 99.9% identical to those from a rumen isolate of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens [3].
• The homologous gene of the type strain B. longum JCM1217, lnpA, was expressed in Escherichia coli to confirm that it encoded LNBP [4].
• The growth of pure cultures of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron LMG 11262 and Bacteroides fragilis LMG 10263 on fructose and oligofructose was examined and compared to that of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 through in vitro laboratory fermentations [5].

Psychiatry related information on Longum

• This may reflect the highly adapted life-style of B. longum in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals [6].
• The delay in reaction time to thermal stimulus was less than 6% for different doses of P. longum as against 100% for pentazocine [7].

High impact information on Longum

• We determined the 2.26-Mb genome sequence of an infant-derived strain of Bifidobacterium longum, and identified 1,730 possible coding sequences organized in a 60%-GC circular chromosome [8].
• The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract [8].
• The crystal structure of L-lactate dehydrogenase from Bifidobacterium longum, determined to 2.5 A resolution, contains a regular 1:1 complex of T- and R-state tetramers [9].
• A serpin from the gut bacterium Bifidobacterium longum inhibits eukaryotic elastase-like serine proteases [10].
• Structural and Functional Analysis of a Conjugated Bile Salt Hydrolase from Bifidobacterium longum Reveals an Evolutionary Relationship with Penicillin V Acylase [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Longum

• Subunit-hybrid enzymes of mutant tetrameric L-lactate dehydrogenases from Bifidobacterium longum were studied in an examination of the mechanism of allosteric activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate [12].
• L-Lactate dehydrogenase from Bifidobacterium longum shows homotropic activation by pyruvate as well as heterotropic activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate [13].
• METHODS: A synbiotic was developed for use in UC patients combining a probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum, isolated from healthy rectal epithelium, and a prebiotic (Synergy 1), a preferential inulin-oligofructose growth substrate for the probiotic strain [14].
• We have investigated the colon tumor inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing enterobacterium [15].
• The effect of Bifidobacterium longum (4 x 10(8) viable cells/g diet) and a derivative of inulin ('Raftiline HP'; 5% w/w in diet) on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) has been studied [16].

Biological context of Longum

• Monoassociation with Bifidobacterium longum in gnotobiotic mice as a method to assess safety with respect to infection, and translocation and immune responses as a result of the monoassociation are also described [17].
• Does yogurt enriched with Bifidobacterium longum affect colonic microbiology and fecal metabolites in health subjects [18]?
• Results also revealed that ingestion of B. longum significantly inhibited AOM-induced cell proliferation, ODC activity and expression of ras-p21 oncoprotein [15].
• Novel aromatic ester from Piper longum and its analogues inhibit expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells [19].
• In one species, Bifidobacterium longum (strain F8), a novel transposase was located within the conserved 657-bp region upstream of tet(W) and was flanked by imperfect direct repeats [20].

Anatomical context of Longum

• The humoral immune response was enhanced by oral administration of enzymatically digested cell walls isolated from Bifidobacterium longum [21].
• Bifidobacteria were detected in the feces only when pigs were fed Bifidobacterium longum [22].
• Survival of Bifidobacterium longum immobilized in calcium alginate beads in simulated gastric juices and bile salt solution [23].
• Electromyograms were recorded by surface electrodes from the mm. biceps brachii (caput longum et breve), brachioradialis and triceps brachii (caput longum) in 10 healthy human subjects during slow linear movements in the elbow joint against a weak extending torque [24].
• Whether this effect on the immune system is achieved through the bifidogenic effect of the formula (mainly through B. longum/B. infantis and B. breve stimulation) or directly linked to compounds (i.e. peptides) produced by milk fermentation remains to be investigated [25].

Associations of Longum with other chemical compounds

• Male F344 rats were fed a modified AIN-76A diet containing 0 or 2% lyophilized cultures of B. longum and s.c. administered azoxymethane (AOM) dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks [15].
• Piperine, a main component of Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn., is a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in Indian medicine [26].
• The pH optimum of B. longum BSH is between 5 and 7, and the temperature optimum is 40 degrees C. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by thiol enzyme inhibitors, indicating that a Cys residue is likely to be involved in the catalytic reaction [27].
• Simultaneous quantitative analysis of the antimalarials pyrimethamine and sulfamethoxypyrazine in plasma samples using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry [28].
• Probiotic yoghurt was the control yoghurt enriched with L. acidophilus 145, B. longum 913 and 1% oligofructose (synbiotic) [29].

Gene context of Longum

• Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression [6].
• Piper longum inhibits VEGF and proinflammatory cytokines and tumor-induced angiogenesis in C57BL/6 mice [30].
• Its N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences were homologous with those of the hypothetical protein of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 encoded by the BL1641 gene [4].
• Cytokine, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta levels in sera and expression of their mRNA were decreased, and expression of Gb3 in renal tubular epithelial cells was reduced in mice treated with B. longum HY8001 culture supernatant [31].
• Whereas CD83 expression was increased and IL-10 production was induced by Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, B. infantis failed to produce these effects [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Longum

• Identification and molecular cloning of a novel glycoside hydrolase family of core 1 type O-glycan-specific endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Bifidobacterium longum [33].
• The B. longum serpin is expected to be active in the gastrointestinal tract, because incubation of the purified recombinant serpin with mouse feces produces a stable covalent serpin-protease adduct readily detectable by SDS-PAGE [10].
• The data demonstrate that dietary administration of lyophilized cultures of B. longum resulted in significant suppression of colon tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity and also reduced tumor volume [15].
• The other bacteria tested, including Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Eubacterium biforme, and Bacteroides distasonis, were either at low PCR titers (less than 10(-2)) or not detected by PCR [34].
• In a coculture of both strains, initial oligofructose degradation and acetate production by B. longum BB536 took place, which in turn also allowed oligofructose breakdown by R. intestinalis DSM 14610 [35].

References