Disease relevance of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• The selectivity of conjugation was studied by administration of 0.5 g ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) or hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) acids, labeled with 13C, to patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, and of 0.5 g of 13C-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to patients with extra- or intrahepatic cholestasis [1].
• Frozen sections from livers of PBC, PSC, extrahepatic cholestasis (Ex-C), and hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis (LC-C), as well as histologically normal livers, were processed for double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry [2].
• Pharmacokinetics of ornidazole in patients with acute viral hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and extrahepatic cholestasis [3].
• The plasma disappearance rate of antipyrine in 18 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and 11 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis was compared with that of two groups of control subjects without liver disease who were matched for age [4].
• In previous studies, we found that biliary scintigraphy with technetium-99m-labeled iminodiacetic acid ([99mTc]IDA) provided excellent discrimination between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis, except in patients with profound cholestasis who had poor visualization of the biliary tree [5].

High impact information on Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• CONCLUSIONS: During extrahepatic cholestasis, hepatocyte apoptosis is mediated by Fas [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: Extrahepatic cholestasis results in rapid down-regulation of Na(+)-dependent taurocholate uptake, ntcp transcription, and posttranscriptional regulation of both ntcp and 3 alpha-HSD mRNA [7].
• Effect of phenobarbital in a case of extrahepatic cholestasis [8].
• Rat hepatocyte aquaporin-8 water channels are down-regulated in extrahepatic cholestasis [9].
• We used rat models of intrahepatic cholestasis by ethinyl estradiol (EE) treatment and extrahepatic cholestasis by bile duct ligation (BDL) to precisely determine the site of TJ damage [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• The biochemical parameters traditionally used for the assessment of extrahepatic cholestasis, AP, GGT, and bilirubin, do not support the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis caused by cirrhosis [11].
• Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in extrahepatic cholestasis: modulation by dietary calcium [12].
• Benzoic acid metabolism reflects hepatic mitochondrial function in rats with long-term extrahepatic cholestasis [13].
• In extrahepatic cholestasis total urinary bile acid glucoside excretion was 0.52 +/- 0.13 mumol/24 hr (mean +/- SEM), yet significantly lower than bile acid glucuronide excretion (1.53 +/- 0.13 mumol/24 hr; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.001) [14].
• Isomers of bilirubin glucuronide with the bilirubin acyl group attached to the C1-, C2-, C3- and C4-positions of the glucuronyl residue are present in bile of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, whereas in normal bile only C1-isomers are found [15].

Biological context of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• Effect of cyclosporin A on platelet aggregation and thromboxane/prostacyclin balance in a model of extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat [16].
• Ribosomal protein modifications in liver injury: effect of carbon tetrachloride and extrahepatic cholestasis on protein phosphorylation [17].
• The mechanisms of ICAM-1 upregulation and neutrophil recruitment in the liver during extrahepatic cholestasis are discussed [18].

Anatomical context of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• There were no apparent effects of extrahepatic cholestasis or hepatic necrosis on theophylline concentrations at onset of seizures in cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that was shown in a preceding study to be the best indicator of the theophylline concentration at the site of the neurotoxic effect [19].
• Bile acid concentrations in the muscle, subcutaneous fat and skin of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis were compared to those in serum [20].

Gene context of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• The basolateral isoform, MRP3 (gene symbol ABCC3), is upregulated in MRP2 deficiency and in extrahepatic cholestasis [21].
• Treatment of lpr mice with Bid antisense also ameliorated liver injury following bile duct ligation of the mice, a model of extrahepatic cholestasis [22].
• This revealed a marginal utility for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and the direct/total bilirubin ratio at specific cut-off points for the exclusion of extrahepatic cholestasis (PVneg 90%-100%) [23].
• Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the liver of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis [18].
• The most pronounced alterations are the formation of lipoprotein-X in intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis, the decrease of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II and the increase of apolipoprotein E [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

• No significant differences in the plasma clearance, T 1/2 beta or in the volume of distribution were observed with gallamine in the patients with extrahepatic cholestasis when compared with the control group [25].
• Conjugation, metabolism and excretion of [24-14C] chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis before and after biliary drainage-analysis of conjugated bile acids by HPLC [26].

References