Disease relevance of Gardenal

• The primary end point was angiographic evidence of restenosis (defined as stenosis of more than 50 percent of the luminal diameter) at six months [1].
• Six healthy men volunteered to take 200 mg of phenobarbital sodium per 70 kg of body weight intravenously on two separate occasions [2].
• This suggests that GATA-3 actively maintains luminal epithelial differentiation in the adult mammary gland, which raises important implications for the pathogenesis of breast cancer [3].
• Comparison of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone in partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures [4].
• METHODS: We randomly assigned 106 patients with hypertension who had atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis (defined as a decrease in luminal diameter of 50 percent or more) and a serum creatinine concentration of 2.3 mg per deciliter (200 micromol per liter) or less to undergo percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty or to receive drug therapy [5].
• This review explores our current understanding of GATA-3 signaling in luminal cell differentiation, both in mammary development and breast cancer [6].

Psychiatry related information on Gardenal

• CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that chronic psychological stress can be an initiating factor in intestinal inflammation by impairing mucosal defenses against luminal bacteria and highlight the importance of mast cells in this process [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: Intensive multifactor risk reduction conducted over 4 years favorably altered the rate of luminal narrowing in coronary arteries of men and women with coronary artery disease and decreased hospitalizations for clinical cardiac events [8].
• Although infection is luminal and generally self-limiting, and secretory Abs are thought to be important in host defense, other defense mechanisms probably affect the duration of infection and the severity of symptoms [9].
• We conclude that upper gastrointestinal motor activity, the effector of luminal transit, may be profoundly influenced by stimulation of distal afferents [10].
• Neurotoxicity and protection against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetrazol (Metrazol) seizures were determined in mice for various combinations of primidone (PRM), phenobarbital (PB), and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) [11].

High impact information on Gardenal

• Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are attached to an extracellular basement membrane [12].
• Cl(-) secretion in the adult colon relies on luminal CFTR, which is a cAMP-regulated Cl(-) channel and a regulator of other transport proteins [13].
• Polarized distribution of transport proteins in both luminal and basolateral membranes enables efficient salt transport in both directions, probably even within an individual cell [13].
• A fiber matrix ultrafilter at the luminal entrance to the clefts is essential if microvascular walls are to retain their low permeability to macromolecules [14].
• The adherent mucus gel acts as a physical barrier against luminal pepsin and provides a stable unstirred layer that supports surface neutralization of acid by mucosal HCO3-. Surface neutralization by mucosal HCO3- provides a major mechanism of protection against acid in the proximal duodenum [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gardenal

• At follow-up, the minimal luminal diameter was significantly larger in the group assigned to folate treatment (1.72+/-0.76 vs. 1.45+/-0.88 mm, P=0.02), and the degree of stenosis was less severe (39.9+/-20.3 vs. 48.2+/-28.3 percent, P=0.01) [16].
• Chenodeoxycholic acid alone or combined with phenobarbital, however, offered a partially effective and safe treatment for asymptomatic radiolucent gallstones [17].
• Angiographically identified restenosis (stenosis of 50 percent or more of the luminal diameter at follow-up) occurred in 17 percent of the patients in the iridium-192 group, as compared with 54 percent of those in the placebo group (P= 0.01) [18].
• We also show that vasopressin induces the appearance of coated pits on collecting duct luminal membranes in Brattleboro homozygous rats, which have hereditary diabetes insipidus [19].
• Cocaine causes acute hepatotoxicity in wild-type mice previously exposed to phenobarbital-like inducers and this toxicity is also absent in the CAR-deficient animals [20].

Biological context of Gardenal

• The role of apoptosis in creating and maintaining luminal space within normal and oncogene-expressing mammary acini [21].
• The women were randomly assigned to receive either phenobarbital (10 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo intravenously, followed by maintenance doses until delivery or 34 weeks of gestation [22].
• We investigated the effect of multiple oral doses of activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered phenobarbital in a randomized crossover trial [2].
• Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-lipid is then completed on the luminal side where it serves as the donor in peptide glycosylation [23].
• After acute GATA-3 loss, adult mice exhibited undifferentiated luminal cell expansion with basement-membrane detachment, which led to caspase-mediated cell death in the long term [3].

Anatomical context of Gardenal

• We hypothesized that this condition is caused by the absence of luminal short-chain fatty acids, the preferred metabolic substrates of colonic epithelium [24].
• Exercise was associated with substantially reduced overall atherosclerotic involvement, lesion size, and collagen accumulation; it also produced much larger hearts and wider coronary arteries, further reducing the degree of luminal narrowing [25].
• CFTR expression in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the uterus is regulated during the oestrous cycle and is maximal at pro-oestrus [26].
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains a family of luminal proteins (reticuloplasmins) that are normally excluded from the secretory pathway [27].
• Messenger RNA was prepared from a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody (53FC3) directed against a luminal epitope of a Golgi membrane protein (Mr = 135 kd) found in rodent cells [28].

Associations of Gardenal with other chemical compounds

• CONCLUSIONS: Phenobarbital and phenytoin are equally but incompletely effective as anticonvulsants in neonates [29].
• Drug-disposition studies of orally administered quinidine in four normal healthy volunteers indicated that phenobarbital and phenytoin reduced the half-life of quinidine by approximately 50 per cent (control, 3.0 to 6.1 hours, and with anticonvulsants, 1.6 to 2.6 hours) [30].
• These mice exhibit the typical biochemical characteristics of human AIP, notably, decreased hepatic Pbgd activity, increased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity and massively increased urinary excretion of the heme precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid after treatment with drugs such as phenobarbital [31].
• This interaction is mediated by the substance P domain of protachykinin and the third luminal domain of DOR [32].
• Three luminal ER proteins whose sequence is known, grp78 ("BiP"), grp94, and protein disulphide isomerase, share the carboxy-terminal sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) [33].

Gene context of Gardenal

• We conclude that ERD2 encodes the receptor that sorts luminal ER proteins [34].
• The cystic fibrosis gene encodes a cyclic AMP-gated chloride channel (CFTR) that mediates electrolyte transport across the luminal surfaces of a variety of epithelial cells [35].
• However, the luminal domain has extensively diverged from the yeast gene product. hIre1p expressed in mammalian cells displayed intrinsic autophosphorylation activity and an endoribonuclease activity that cleaved the 5' splice site of yeast HAC1 mRNA, a substrate for the endoribonuclease activity of yeast Ire1p [36].
• In contrast, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a competitive inhibitor of Hmox, increased airway luminal occlusion [37].
• These data highlight distinct roles of LT alpha and LT alpha beta in lymphoid organogenesis supporting the notion that HEC-6ST-dependent luminal PNAd is under regulation by LT alpha beta [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gardenal

• Overall, immediately after placement of the stent there was a significant increase in the minimal luminal diameter and a significant decrease in the percentage of the diameter with stenosis (changing from a mean [+/- SD] of 1.88 +/- 0.43 to 2.48 +/- 0.51 mm and from 37 +/- 12 to 21 +/- 10 percent, respectively; P less than 0.0001) [39].
• This difference resulted from a smaller mean (+/-SD) minimal luminal diameter in the angioplasty group (1.85+/-0.56 mm) than in the stent group (2.04+/-0.66 mm), with a mean difference of 0.19 mm (P=0.01) at follow-up [1].
• On the contrary, we show by electron microscopy that the prototype chemokine IL-8 is internalized by venular ECs abluminally and transcytosed to the luminal surface [40].
• An 18-Gy dose not only prevents the renarrowing of the lumen typically observed after successful balloon angioplasty, but actually induces luminal enlargement [41].
• The primary angiographic end point was the minimal luminal diameter at follow-up, as determined by quantitative coronary angiography [42].

References