Disease relevance of Particle Accelerators

• Six LCL [4 leukemia patient derived [2 acute myeloid leukemia and 2 CML] and 2 from normal individuals were analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for BCR-ABL under stringent conditions following exposure to 0, 50, or 100 Gy of LET gamma-irradiation delivered via a Varian linear accelerator at 4 MV [1].
• A group of 38 patients with a median age of 70 years and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were treated using a cobalt 60 U or a 6-MeV linear accelerator [2].
• Under ethyl urethane intraperitoneal anesthesia (1 g/kg body weight), the animals were irradiated with a single 700 cGy dose (linear accelerator 6 Mev photons) [3].
• In contrast to previous series, more than 80% of the patients with postirradiation osteosarcoma had had irradiation for malignant entities and more than 70% had been treated with modern radiotherapy regimens (cobalt-60 or linear accelerator) [4].
• Tumour regression of uveal melanoma after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy with gamma knife or linear accelerator [5].

High impact information on Particle Accelerators

• In study 2, patients received high-dose oral prednisone for 6 months (initial dosage, 80 to 100 mg/d) and underwent orbital radiation therapy by linear accelerator (cumulative dose, 20 Gy per eye over 2 weeks) [6].
• For this purpose, xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were employed as an O2.- (-)generating system, and a linear accelerator was used for ionizing radiation [7].
• The effect of whole body ionising radiation from a linear accelerator on rat tissue O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) methyltransferase (MT) activity has been assessed using an assay which measures the transfer of 3H-radioactivity from 3H-methylated substrate DNA to protein [8].
• Results show the similarity and adequacy of the neck dose distribution using photon beams from cobalt 60, a 4-MV linear accelerator with an external filter, and a 10-MV linear accelerator [9].
• Equipment used for this purpose includes a Mevatron XII linear accelerator, redesigned for automatic control, and a PDP 11/45 minicomputer [10].

Biological context of Particle Accelerators

• Heavy-ion beams, the Leksell cobalt-60 gamma knife, and the conventional linear accelerator (linac) are compared with respect to dosimetry, radiobiology, treatment planning, cost, staffing requirements, and ease of use [11].
• METHODS: Visual evoked potential was used to evaluate the functional impairment of optic path by an 8 MV linear accelerator or 60Co gamma-ray radiotherapy in 63 (23 women and 40 men) patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, 6 months and 1, 2 and 3 years after their radiotherapy respectively [12].

Anatomical context of Particle Accelerators

• Planar lipid membranes in the presence of the ion carriers valinomycin or nonactin were irradiated with 14 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator [13].

Associations of Particle Accelerators with chemical compounds

• Three off-axis dosimetric parameters were evaluted for identical mantle fields using the Varian 4 MV linear accelerator and a Picker C8M cobalt-60 unit [14].
• A linear accelerator couch attachment for extended SSD treatments [15].
• The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ion linear accelerator program [16].
• Nearly all institutions calibrate their linear accelerators following American Association of Physicists in Medicine protocols, currently 16% with TG-51 and 81% with TG-21 protocol [17].
• Extensive measurements have been made on a Varian Clinac 2500 linear accelerator with a parallel-plate chamber and polystyrene phantom [18].

Gene context of Particle Accelerators

• To investigate the effect of beam characteristics on dose distributions, a three-dimensional TPS was used to calculate the isodose distributions for three different linear accelerators, the Varian Clinac 6/100, the Siemens MD2 and the Philips SL/7 for the three patients [19].
• Evaluation of linear accelerator radiosurgical techniques using biophysical parameters (NTCP and TCP) [20].
• By a three-dimensional planning system (TMS, Helax 6.1B) the irradiation was planned for an 18-MV linear accelerator (Primus 1, Siemens) [21].
• MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method of fabrication of wedge shaped midline block is discussed for treatment of early stage cervical cancers based on the configuration of 137Cs pellets used in intracavitary applications and along with external photon beams obtained by using 60Co teletherapy machine and 6 and 10 MV linear accelerators [22].
• The treatment plans were generated with HELIOS for delivery with 6 MV on a CL2100 Varian linear accelerator with a 26 pair MLC [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Particle Accelerators

• The transplant preparative regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days, and total lymphoid irradiation (750 rads, 26 rads/min by 4 meV linear accelerator) [24].
• VIPAR gels were irradiated using a 6 MV linear accelerator up to 60 Gy and a Nucletron microSelectron 192Ir HDR brachytherapy source to much higher doses to cover a dose range of two orders of magnitude [25].
• The use of a diabetic blood glucose meter for radiochromic film dosimetry in blood irradiation using x-ray beams on a medical linear accelerator has been investigated [26].
• With the explosion of technology on several fronts in the 1980s and 1990s, a multitude of devices for radiosurgery, ranging from cyclotron-generated particle beams to multisource cobalt-60 units to an immense variety of modified linear accelerators has become available [27].
• OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to compare the doses in critical organs, treatment duration, patient comfort and personnel workload during total body irradiation carried out alternatively with a Cobalt 60 and with 15 MeV photons at linear accelerator [28].

References